1,398 research outputs found
High-resolution alternating-field technique to determine the magnetocaloric effect of metals down to very low temperatures
The magnetocaloric effect or "magnetic Gr\"uneisen ratio"
quantifies the cooling or heating of a material when
an applied magnetic field is changed under adiabatic conditions. Recently this
property has attracted considerable interest in the field of quantum
criticality. Here we report the development of a low-frequency alternating
field technique which allows to perform continuous temperature scans of
on small single crystals with very high precision and down to
very low temperatures. Measurements on doped YbRhSi show that
can be determined with this technique in a faster and much more
accurate way than by calculation from magnetization and specific heat
measurements
Dispersion forces in macroscopic quantum electrodynamics
The description of dispersion forces within the framework of macroscopic
quantum electrodynamics in linear, dispersing, and absorbing media combines the
benefits of approaches based on normal-mode techniques of standard quantum
electrodynamics and methods based on linear response theory in a natural way.
It renders generally valid expressions for both the forces between bodies and
the forces on atoms in the presence of bodies, while showing very clearly the
intimate relation between the different types of dispersion forces. By
considering examples, the influence of various factors like form, size,
electric and magnetic properties, or intervening media on the forces is
addressed. Since the approach based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics does
not only apply to equilibrium systems, it can be used to investigate dynamical
effects such as the temporal evolution of forces on arbitrarily excited atoms.Comment: 112 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, extended versio
Shareholding Networks in Japan
The Japanese shareholding network existing at the end of March 2002 is
studied empirically. The network is constructed from 2,303 listed companies and
53 non-listed financial institutions. We consider this network as a directed
graph by drawing edges from shareholders to stock corporations. The lengths of
the shareholder lists vary with the companies, and the most comprehensive lists
contain the top 30 shareholders. Consequently, the distribution of incoming
edges has an upper bound, while that of outgoing edges has no bound. The
distribution of outgoing degrees is well explained by the power law function
with an exponential tail. The exponent in the power law range is gamma=1.7. To
understand these features from the viewpoint of a company's growth, we consider
the correlations between the outgoing degree and the company's age, profit, and
total assets.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, International Conference Science of Complex
Networks: from Biology to the Internet and WWW (CNET2004
Casimir effect for perfect electromagnetic conductors (PEMCs): A sum rule for attractive/repulsive forces
We discuss the Casimir effect for boundary conditions involving perfect
electromagnetic conductors (PEMCs). Based on the corresponding reciprocal
Green's tensor we construct the Green's tensor for two perfectly reflecting
plates with magnetoelectric coupling (non-reciprocal media) within the
framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. We calculate the Casimir
force between two PEMC plates in terms of the PEMC parameter M and the duality
transformation angle resulting in a universal analytic expression
that connects the attractive Casimir force with the repulsive Boyer force. We
relate the results to the duality symmetry of electromagnetism
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