Adropin-A novel biomarker of heart disease: A systematic review article

Background: Heart disease is one of the most common chronic disease and leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adropin, a newly identified protein, is important for energy homeostasis and maintaining insulin sensitivi-ty, and has been referred to as a novel regulator of endothelial cells. Endothelial dysfunction is a key early event in atherogenesis and onset of HD. Therefore, this review gives a systematic overview of studies investigating plasma adropin level in patient with heart disease. Methods: Data carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar and MEDLINE, from the earliest available online indexing year through 2015. The search restricted to studies conducted in humans. The key-word search was adropin to apply in title, abstract and keywords. References lists of all original published articles were scanned to find additional eligible studies. Results: Heart failure (HF), coronary atherosclerosis acute myocardial infarction and Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX) were type of heart disease acknowledged in this study. Majority of evidences introduced low adropin as an independ-ent risk factor of heart disease. In a case-control study, the plasma level of adropin increased with the severity of HF. Conclusion: Adropinmay be a potential serum biomarker for early diagnosis of HD. © 2016, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved

Clustering and combining pattern of metabolic syndrome components among Iranian population with latent class analysis

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus risk factor, refer to one of the most challenging public health issues in worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the subgroups of participants in a study on the basis of MetS components. Methods: The cross-sectional study took place in the districts related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The randomly selected sample consists of 415 subjects. All participants provided written informed consent. Latent class analysis was performed to achieve the study's objectives. Analyses were conducted by using proc LCA in SAS 9.2 software. Results: Except systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the prevalence of all MetS components is common in female than male. Four latent classes were identified: (a) non MetS, (b) low risk, (c) high risk, and (d) MetS. Notably, 24.2 and 1.3 of the subjects were in the high risk and MetS classes respectively. Conclusion: Most of the study participants were identified as high risk and MetS. Design and implementation of preventive interventions for this segment of the population are necessary

Effects of zinc, vitamin D, and their co-supplementation on mood, serum cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with obesity and mild to moderate depressive symptoms: A phase II, 12-wk, 2���2 factorial design, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc, vitamin D, and their co-supplementation versus placebo on changes in the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score, serum cortisol level, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in obese/overweight patients with depressive symptoms. Method: This 2 � 2 factorial, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with obese/overweight patients with depressive symptoms was conducted in the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr, Emam Khomeini Hospital between July 2016 and February 2017. The intervention period was 12 wk. There were 140 randomized participants who were obese or overweight (mean ± SD, 38.35± 6.70 y of age; mean ± SD body mass index, 30.1 ± 3.78 kg/m2) with BDI � 10. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio: 2000 IU/d vitamin D + zinc placebo; 30 mg/d zinc gluconate + vitamin D placebo; 2000 IU/d vitamin D + 30 mg/d zinc gluconate; or vitamin D placebo + zinc placebo for 12 wk. Results: We analyzed 125 participants, and a significant decrease in BDI-II was found among those who received zinc, vitamin D, or joint zinc�vitamin D supplements compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Zinc was significantly more effective than vitamin D on decreasing the depression score. Supplementation with zinc, vitamin D, or a combination of the two had no significant effects on serum cortisol (P = 0.974) or BDNF (P = 0.076). Fifteen patients discontinued participation owing to pregnancy (n = 1), severe anemia (n = 1), and unspecified unwillingness to continue (n = 13). Conclusion: Supplementation with zinc, vitamin D, or in combination for 12 wk yielded significant beneficial effects on the BDI-II score in obese or overweight patients with BDI-II �10. © 2019 Elsevier Inc

Diet quality in obese/overweight individuals with/without metabolic syndrome compared to normal weight controls

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious public health concern worldwide; however, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been yet cleared. This study aimed to compare diet quality in obese/overweight participants with/without metabolic syndrome with normal weight controls. Methods: This was a comparative study on 147 Iranian adults under treatment at the Endocrinology Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They were assigned into three groups (normal weight, obese weight with/without MetS) according to the inclusion- exclusion criteria. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP ATPIII consensus criteria. Healthy Eating Index Data were obtained from the validated FFQ to determine the diet quality index scores, using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Results: Our findings demonstrated that FBS, TG, SBP, WC and weight were higher among MetS patients compared to the both weight matched and non-weight matched participants, while HDL-c was lowest in this group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between healthy weight controls and obese/overweight participants with/without MetS in HEI-2010, and 9 of the 12 HEI-2010 components score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed that low diet quality was a risk factor in developing MetS

Effect of DASH diet on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background and aims: Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Eight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: �0.53; 95 CI: �0.89, �0.16; I2 = 42.1), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95 CI: 0.36, 1.03; I2 = 42.1). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: �1.40; 95 CI: �0.12, 1.93; I2 = 92.6) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95 CI: �0.10, 1.99; I2 = 87.6). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet's effects on OS parameters. © 202