I Felt…

This book was completed for Jan Baker\u27s artists\u27 book class.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_bookmark_stories/1016/thumbnail.jp

Tannic Acid and Quercetin Display a Therapeutic Effect in Atopic Dermatitis via Suppression of Angiogenesis and TARC Expression in Nc/Nga Mice

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Synthesis and Catalytic Behavior of Ferrierite Zeolite Nanoneedles

The proton form of nanosized, needlelike ferrierite zeolite, which was synthesized using choline and Na⁺ cations as structure-directing agents, was found to be much more efficient for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene than the corresponding cation form of conventional, submicrometric ferrierite with a platelike shape, mainly because of the considerably lower density of strong acid sites, but as well as a result of the higher density of 10-ring pore mouths

Preclinical Evidence of Rapid-Onset Antidepressant-Like Effect in Radix Polygalae Extract

<div><p>Radix Polygalae (the root of <i>Polygala tenuifolia</i>) is a herb widely used in traditional Asian medicine that is thought to exert a variety of neuropsychiatric effects. Radix Polygalae extract can protect against N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotoxicity and induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, suggesting modulatory roles at glutamatergic synapses and possible antidepressant action. In accordance with this hypothesis, Radix Polygalae extract demonstrated antidepressant-like effects in 8-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice by decreasing behavioral despair in the forced swim and tail suspension tasks and increasing hedonic-like behavior in the female urine sniffing test 30 minutes after a single oral administration of 0.1 mg/kg. Reduced latency to acquire a food pellet in the novely suppressed feeding paradigm, without change in anxiety-like behaviors suggested a rapid-onset nature of the antidepressant-like effect. In addition, it decreased the number of failed escapes in the learned helplessness paradigm after two oral administrations 24 hours and 30 minutes before the first test. Finally, it reversed anhedonia as measured by saccharin preference in mice exposed to the chronic stress model after two administrations of 0.1 mg/kg, in contrast to the repeated administration generally needed for similar effect by monoamergic antidepressants. Immobility reduction in tail suspension task was blocked by the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist NBQX, a pattern previously demonstrated by ketamine and other ketamine-like rapid-onset antidepressants. Also similarly to ketamine, Radix Polygalae appeared to acutely decrease phosphorylation of GluR1 serine-845 in the hippocampus while leaving the phosphorylation of hippocampal mTOR serine 2448 unchanged. These findings serve as preclinical evidence that Radix Polygalae extract exerts rapid-onset antidepressant effects by modulating glutamatergic synapses in critical brain circuits of depression and may be worthy of further evaluation as a safe substitute to other rapid-onset antidepressants known to have unacceptable side effects.</p></div

Antidepressant-like effect of Radix Polygalae is associated with phosphorylation of hippocampal AMPA receptor GluR1 but not mTOR.

<p>(A) RP treatment (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) reduced hippocampal GluR1 phosphorylation (S845) but not when RP was co-administered with NBQX (10 mg/kg, i.p.) [F(2,15) = 4.38, p = 0.032]. There was no significant change in total GluR1 levels. (B) There was no significant effect on hippocampal phospho-mTOR (S2448) and total mTOR expression by RP or of RP + NBQX. Vehicle: distilled water, RP: Radix Polygalae. All data represent mean ± SEM. ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test.</p

Acute-onset antidepressant-like effect of Radix Polygalae in mice.

<p>(A) Novelty suppressed feeding test. Latency to take a food pellet was reduced by RP (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) administered 30 minutes before test, suggesting either rapid-onset anxiolytic or antidepressant-like effect. * p<0.05, student t-test. (B) Elevated plus maze. There was no statistical difference between mice administered RP (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or controls administered distilled water in the total time spent in open arms which meant RP does not change anxiety-like behaviors at the given dose. (C) Learned helplessness paradigm. Number of escape failures reduced within 24 hours after RP treatment (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) but not by fluoxetine (20 mg/kg i.p.), suggesting a rapid-onset antidepressant-like effect. ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001 vs vehicle on the same day. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test. (D) Tail suspension test. The antidepressant-like effect of RP (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by NBQX injection (10 mg/kg). ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test. Vehicle: distilled water, RP: Radix Polygalae. All data represent mean ± SEM.</p

Antidepressant-like effect of Radix Polygalae in mouse models of chronic stress.

<p>CMS was delivered to mice for 6 weeks as described in methods. (A) Body weight. CMS mice gained less body weight compared with unstressed controls [repeated measures ANOVA; F = 136.0, p<0.001]. (B) Saccharin preference. CMS mice showed a gradual decrease of preference [repeated measures ANOVA; F = 12.3, p = 0.001]. (C) Saccharin preference after treatment of either vehicle (normal saline), RP (0.1 mg/kg p.o.), or ketamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) administered 24 hours and 30 minutes before measurement to mice exposed to CMS for 6 weeks. A significant difference existed between treatment groups [F(5,29) = 18.1, p<0.001]. Among CMS exposed mice, RP (p = 0.002) and ketamine (p = 0.005)-treated mice showed a significantly higher preference than vehicle treated mice. (D) Immobility in forced swim test from mice exposed to CMS for 6 weeks. Mice were given either vehicle (normal saline), RP (0.1 mg/kg p.o.), or ketamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) administered 48 hours, 24 hours, and 30 minutes before test. A significant group difference emerged [F(5,29) = 12.9, p<0.001)]. In CMS exposed mice, RP (p = 0.004), and ketamine (p = 0.02) reduced immobility. CMS: chronic mild stress. RP: Radix Polygalae. All data represent mean ± SEM. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001 vs control or vehicle-treated non-CMS. ^# p<0.05, ^## p<0.01, vs vehicle-treated CMS. 2-way ANOVA for (A) and (B), ANOVA for (C) and (D). Tukey's post hoc test.</p

Procedure of chronic mild stress.

<p>CF: confinement, FWD: food and water deprivation, LO: light on, NO: novelty object, SI: stroboscope illumination, SPT: saccharin preference test, TC : tilting cage, WB : wet bedding, WN : white noise (80dB).</p