Explicit class field theory: one dimensional and higher dimensional

This thesis investigates class field theory for one dimensional fields and higher dimensional fields. For one dimensional fields we cover the cases of local fields and global fields of positive characteristic. For higher dimensional fields we study the case of higher local fields of positive characteristic. The main content of the thesis is divided into two parts. The first part solves several problems directly related to Neukirch's axiomatic class field theory method. We first prove the famous Hilbert 90 Theorem in the case of tamely ramified extensions of local fields in an explicit way. This approach can be of use in understanding the role of the ring structure as opposed to the role of multiplication only in local class field theory. Next, we prove that for every local field, its `class field theory' is unique. Lastly, we establish the Neukirch axiom for global fields of positive characteristic, which leads to a new approach to class field theory for such fields, an approach that has not appeared in the previous literature. There are two main successful directions in higher local class field theory, one by Kato and another by Fesenko. While Kato used a technical cohomological method, Fesenko generalised the Neukirch method and gave the first proof of the existence theorem. In the second part of the thesis we deal with the third method in class field theory that works in positive characteristic only, the Kawada-Satake method. We generalise the classical Kawada-Satake method to higher local fields of positive characteristic. We correct substantial mistakes in a paper of Parshin on such class field theory. We develop the first complete presentation of the theory based on the generalised Kawada-Satake method using advanced properties of topological Milnor K-groups. These advanced properties include Fesenko's theorem about relations of topological and algebraic properties of Milnor K-groups

Investigation of the SH3BP2 Gene Mutation in Cherubism

Cherubism is a rare developmental lesion of the jaw that is generally inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recent studies have revealed point mutations in the SH3BP2 gene in cherubism patients. In this study, we examined a 6-year-old Korean boy and his family. We found a Pro418Arg mutation in the SH3BP2 gene of the patient and his mother. A father and his 30-month-old younger brother had no mutations. Immunohistochemically, the multinucleated giant cells proved positive for CD68 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Numerous spindle-shaped stromal cells expressed a ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANKL), but not in multinucleated giant cells. These results provide evidence that RANKL plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to multinucleated giant cells in cherubism. Additionally, genetic analysis may be a useful method for differentiation of cherubism.</p

Estimates of Discharge Coefficient in Levee Breach Under Two Different Approach Flow Types

The amount of released water (discharge) in a levee breach is a primary input variable to establish an emergency action plan for the area next to the levee. However, although several studies have been conducted, there is still no widely applicable discharge coefficient formula; this needs to be known to estimate discharge amount through an opening caused by a levee breach. Sometimes, the discharge coefficient developed for a sharp crested side weir is used to rate the discharge, but, in case of a levee breach, the resulting geometry and flow types are similar to that over a broad crested weir. Thus, in this study, two different openings—rectangular and trapezoidal shape—are constructed in the center of a levee at a height of 0.6m to replicate levee breach scenarios, and the effect of two different approach flow types—the river type approach and reservoir type approach—are explored to suggest a discharge coefficient formula applicable for discharge rating for a levee breach. The results show that the ratio of head above the bottom of an opening and the opening width is a key variable for calculating the discharge coefficient of a reservoir type, but the approach Froude number should also be considered for a river type approach. The measured data are used to improve rating equations and will be useful in the future to validate computational fluid dynamics simulations of wave propagation during levee failure into the inundation area

Experimental Study of the Injection System for CO2 Geologic Storage Demonstration

AbstractThe worldwide issue of greenhouse gas reduction has recently drawn great attention to carbon capture and storage (CCS). Almost CCS studies have been focused in the capture technology of carbon dioxide and the geological investigation for underground storage. The study of mechanical injection system for carbon dioxide has not implemented nearly. We are intended to develop a ground system for underground injection of carbon dioxide. In this study, we made lab-scale underground injection system and implemented injection simulation test experimentally. The 10,000 ton/year pilot plant for geological storage of carbon dioxide will be designed on the base of these test results. Major components of the lab-scale underground injection system include a pressure pump and an in-line heater to bring liquid carbon dioxide into its supercritical state. Test results assure that this system readily achieves the designed injection pressure and temperature, showing satisfactory control performance