Competition and Coopetition among Social Media Content

Social media platforms are characterized by an immense volume of content that exists concurrently. In this study, we analyze competition and coopetition among social media content. Under a competitive dynamic, the diffusion of one piece of content deters the diffusion of another. Alternatively, a coopetition dynamic means that the spread of a social media post augments the diffusion of another. The purpose of our study is to investigate whether competition or coopetition emerges among social media content and identify determinants of the direction of the interaction. To that end, we formulated a generalized self-exciting point process model and evaluated the model using Twitter data. We generally find that a competitive relationship exists among content, but, interestingly, some content experienced a cooperative interplay. In particular, we observe an asymmetry between large and small content producers in that coopetition favors content published by large producers

????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? MEA??? ????????? ??? CO2 ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????

MEA??? CO2 ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? MEA carbamate??? ????????????, ????????? ?????? ????????? CO2??? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????????, ?????? ??????????????? MEA carbamate??? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????. ?????? MEA??? CO2 ??????????????? ???????????????, ????????? ???????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????????? CO2 ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????. MEA carbamate??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? oxazolidone, cyclic urea of trimer, HEIA(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidone), HEEDA(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine) ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????????????? MEA carbamate??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? MEA??? HEEDA??? ????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????. CO2 loading??? ??=0.406, ??=0.6??? MEA carbamate ???????????? pipe reactor??? ?????? 130??C, 150??C??? ?????? 1, 2, 4, 6, 8??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? MEA??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????, CO2 loading??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? MEA??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????. HEEDA??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????????, ??=0.406, 150??C ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? CO2 ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ASTM ?????? ????????? ????????? CO2 loading, N2 ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? amine??? ???????????? CO2 ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????

Distinct Effects of Seed Coat and Flower Colors on Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Safflower Seeds

Safflower is an important oilseed crop cultivated primarily for its seeds, which have pharmaceutical properties. Color is an important agronomical trait that appears to be a prior parameter for evaluating the internal quality of plant seeds. This study employs 197 safflower accessions seeds to analyze how their seed coat and flower colors affect their total oil content, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (TPC), N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) contents, and [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] radical scavenging activities. Significant variations were observed in the targeted metabolite contents and antioxidant properties among genotypes. Notably, the linoleic acid content, total unsaturated fatty acid content, the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acid to total saturated fatty acid, CS, FS, ABTS, and DPPH scavenging capacities varied significantly based on seed coat color, with white-seeded genotypes having the highest average values of these parameters. Moreover, the linoleic acid content differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the genotypes with varying flower colors, with white-flowered accessions having the highest average content. Furthermore, genotypes K185105 (No. 75) and K175278 (No. 146) were identified as promising genetic resources with health benefits. Overall, these findings reveal that seed coat and flower colors distinctly affect metabolite contents and antioxidant properties in safflower seeds

Evaluation of Agricultural Traits, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of Amaranth Accessions of Nine Species

Amaranthus species are widely cultivated as dietary crops and are promising sources of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. To explore Amaranthus as a potential medical resource, 289 accessions (nine species) were cultivated, and their agricultural characteristics, total phenolic content (TPC), rutin contents, and antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2&prime;-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] were studied. Wide variations in agricultural traits, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities were observed between the accessions and across species. The effects of agricultural traits were evaluated, and the results indicated that yellow-flowered amaranth genotypes could be important because of their high values of TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. In addition, leaf length, days until 50% flowering, days until 50% heading and days until maturity, showed positive correlations with TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. The whole dataset was subjected to principal component analysis, and distinctive aggregation was observed across the Amaranthus species. In total, 289 accessions were clustered into three groups, and seven genotypes were determined as being good medical resources due to their high phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. Our findings provide important information for the development of new varieties with high phytochemical contents and high levels of antioxidant activity

Binaphthyl-based molecular barrier materials for phosphoric acid poisoning in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

In this study, thiol-functionalized binaphthyl barrier molecules were designed and synthesized for eliminating phosphoric acid (PA)-poisoning on Pt catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). In high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the ORR activity of Pt catalysts significantly decreases because of the PA poisoning. The binaphthyl thiol (BNSH) molecules with a tweezer-like structure can self-assemble on the Pt surface, thereby blocking the adsorption of PA, while permitting the approach of smaller oxygen molecules. After the treatment of Pt surfaces with BNSHs, the ORR activities were tested in the presence of PA, and the results were compared with respect to the molecular structures of BNSHs. Even in the presence of PA, the ORR activity of BNSH-treated Pt catalysts appeared to restore significantly up to the level of the pristine Pt without PA (kinetic current density at 0.8 V from 12 to 20.4 mA cm−2). This enhanced activity was attributed to the physical blocking of PA molecules on Pt surface and was affected by the molecular structures such as tweezer backbone, length of alkyl chains, and the type and number of functional groups.11Nsciescopu

Genetic Composition of Korean Ginseng Germplasm by Collection Area and Resource Type

To improve crops, it is important to secure plant genetic source material and evaluate the genetic diversity. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has long been used as a medicinal herb in Korea and China. Since ginseng originated from wild ginseng with low genetic diversity, it is also expected to have low genetic diversity. In this study, the genetic diversity of 451 ginseng accessions conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) at Korea was analyzed using 33 SSR markers. Another objective was to establish a strategy for NAC to manage ginseng germplasm based on these results. The 451 accessions were collected from 22 cities in six provinces in South Korea. Among the 451 ginseng accessions, 390 (86.5%) and 61 (13.5%) were landraces and breeding lines, respectively. In the STRUCTURE results for the accessions, there was no relationship between assigned genotypes and collection areas, but there was a population genetic structure. In addition, genetic differentiation within populations of each analysis was low, indicating that the ginseng accessions conserved at NAC are extensively dispersed throughout the collection areas. The results of this study suggest that NAC should increase the genetic diversity of ginseng accessions for breeding programs, and alternatives are needed for securing ginseng genetic resources