Effects of Prior Exposure to Brand Name Products on Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests

This study was designed to explore the effects of different kinds of exposure to brand name products on explicit and implicit memory tests. At the time of exposure, participants were given brand name products exposed in a conceptual manner and data driven manner, and this was accomplished by the levels of processing (LOP) manipulation effect. Then at test, participants received a recognition memory test (conceptually driven) and a forced choice purchasing task (data driven). Following each memory test, participants were given a test awareness questionnaire that consisted of a series of questions in order to find out the level of participant’s knowledge on the purpose of the experiment (whether or not they were aware of the fact that items were presented before and repeated through a second task, when they became aware, and how often they were aware). Results showed that LOP manipulation effects were significant in the recognition test, but not significant in the forced choice purchasing task. In addition to LOP manipulation effects, correlations between recognition test awareness and memory performance were positive, while correlations between forced choice purchasing task awareness and priming performance were negative. Even with subtle exposure to brand name products, participants selected products more often when it was studied than when it was not studied. It can be concluded that the manner in which products are exposed has an effect on consumers’ purchasing behavior and, more importantly, so too does the manner in which consumers are tested for their purchasing behavior. Specifically, advertisers should not always be reliant on recognition memory tests in order to test the effectiveness of advertisement techniques on purchasing behavior

Effects of Prior Exposure to Brand Name Products on Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests

This study was designed to explore the effects of different kinds of exposure to brand name products on explicit and implicit memory tests. At the time of exposure, participants were given brand name products exposed in a conceptual manner and data driven manner, and this was accomplished by the levels of processing (LOP) manipulation effect. Then at test, participants received a recognition memory test (conceptually driven) and a forced choice purchasing task (data driven). Following each memory test, participants were given a test awareness questionnaire that consisted of a series of questions in order to find out the level of participant’s knowledge on the purpose of the experiment (whether or not they were aware of the fact that items were presented before and repeated through a second task, when they became aware, and how often they were aware). Results showed that LOP manipulation effects were significant in the recognition test, but not significant in the forced choice purchasing task. In addition to LOP manipulation effects, correlations between recognition test awareness and memory performance were positive, while correlations between forced choice purchasing task awareness and priming performance were negative. Even with subtle exposure to brand name products, participants selected products more often when it was studied than when it was not studied. It can be concluded that the manner in which products are exposed has an effect on consumers’ purchasing behavior and, more importantly, so too does the manner in which consumers are tested for their purchasing behavior. Specifically, advertisers should not always be reliant on recognition memory tests in order to test the effectiveness of advertisement techniques on purchasing behavior

The Architecture of Generativity in a Digital Ecosystem: A Network Biology Perspective

Firms are increasingly relying on third-party developers to innovate by building open digital ecosystems. We draw on a network biology approach to explore the structural pattern of how individual modules in a digital ecosystem interact with one another to produce seemingly ever-changing landscape of the ecosystem. We conduct an empirical study using the data from WordPress.org, which is the world’s largest blog service platform. Using text mining and network analysis, we extract the API used in plug-ins developed by third party developers. We characterize each plug-ins as a combination of API modules. This allows us to examine the underlying structure of generativity in the WordPress ecosystem through a co-expression network of APIs. Even though there is no central designer coordinating the design of the entire WordPress ecosystem, the way APIs are used to form this complex and dynamic ecosystem follow a discernible pattern that is distinctive from known distributions

Enzymatic analysis of the effect of naturally occurring Leu138Pro mutation identified in SHV β-lactamase on hydrolysis of penicillin and ampicillin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to analyze the significance of leucine to proline substitution at position 138(Leu138Pro) on the hydrolysis of penicillin and ampicillin that we identified in the <it>bla</it>_SHVgene of clinical <it>Escherichia coli </it>swine isolate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Kinetic analysis of the mutant proteins showed that <it>K</it>_{<it>m </it>}value of the purified L138P mutant was comparatively higher than SHV-1, SHV-33 and SHV-33(L138P) enzyme for penicillin and ampicillin. Docking simulation of the SHV-1 and SHV-(L138P) enzymes also confirmed that β-lactamases preferred penicillin to ampicillin and the SHV-1 had a higher binding affinity for antibiotics compared to the SHV-(L138P) and other mutants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our result demonstrated that L138P has a reduced role in penicillin and ampicillin hydrolyzing properties of SHV β-lactamases. These naturally occurring mutations rendering reduced function of the existing protein could trigger the emergence or acquisition of more effective alternative mechanisms for β-lactam hydrolysis.</p

Improving Neural Radiance Field using Near-Surface Sampling with Point Cloud Generation

Neural radiance field (NeRF) is an emerging view synthesis method that samples points in a three-dimensional (3D) space and estimates their existence and color probabilities. The disadvantage of NeRF is that it requires a long training time since it samples many 3D points. In addition, if one samples points from occluded regions or in the space where an object is unlikely to exist, the rendering quality of NeRF can be degraded. These issues can be solved by estimating the geometry of 3D scene. This paper proposes a near-surface sampling framework to improve the rendering quality of NeRF. To this end, the proposed method estimates the surface of a 3D object using depth images of the training set and sampling is performed around there only. To obtain depth information on a novel view, the paper proposes a 3D point cloud generation method and a simple refining method for projected depth from a point cloud. Experimental results show that the proposed near-surface sampling NeRF framework can significantly improve the rendering quality, compared to the original NeRF and a state-of-the-art depth-based NeRF method. In addition, one can significantly accelerate the training time of a NeRF model with the proposed near-surface sampling framework.Comment: 13 figures, 2 table

Investigation of thin films of organic-based magnets grown by physical vapor deposition

Thin films of organic-based magnet, V[TCNE]x (TCNE: tetracyanoethylene), were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) based reactive evaporation. The growth conditions were studied in detail. A saturated composition of V[TCNE]???1.9 was determined by optimizing the growth condition. Two sets of films with different V to TCNE ratios were characterized. Both films were magnetic ordered up to 400 K and held coercive field of 60 Oe at room temperature. With the presence of excess vanadium within the film, the increase of defects created by PVD results in significant change in electronic property.open0

Room-temperature organic-based spin polarizer

We report a magnetic tunnel junction operating at room-temperature with organic magnetic semiconductor V[TCNE](x) (x similar to 2, TCNE: tetracyanoethylene) and Fe as the spin polarizer and analyzer while 10 mu rubrene layer serves as the tunnel barrier between them. At room-temperature, the magnetoresistance (MR) presents 16.7% of its peak value at 100K. We observed sign inversion of MR with increasing temperature, while the sign of the MR is independent of the polarity of the bias voltages. Our results suggest that V[TCNE](x) is a promising material for room-temperature spintronic applications.open5