Table_3_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.XLSX

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.PDF

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.PDF

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Data_Sheet_3_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.PDF

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Table_1_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.XLSX

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Table_2_Casual effects of gut microbiota on risk of infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.XLSX

BackgroundThe correlation between gut microbiota and infections has garnered significant attention in previous studies; nevertheless, our understanding of the causal relationships and mechanisms between specific microbial species and infections remains limited.MethodsThis study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry to explore the genetic-level relationships between distinct types of gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections. Our analysis encompassed three prevalent infections: intestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, while concurrently examining various types of gut microbiota.ResultsWe identified 18 protective gut microbiotas alongside 13 associated with increased infection risk. Particularly noteworthy are certain microbial communities capable of producing butyrate, such as the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which exhibited both favorable and unfavorable effects. Additionally, we observed a few certain communities linked to infection susceptibility, including ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003 (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.054–0.33, p = 1.24E-05), Collinsella (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.00–5.27, p = 1.87E-06), and NB1n (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, p = 1.12E-03).ConclusionThis study reveals complex relationships between gut microbiota and various infections. Our findings could potentially offer new avenues for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases.</p

Reduced Pancreatic Exocrine Function and Organellar Disarray in a Canine Model of Acute Pancreatitis

<div><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the pancreatic exocrine function in a canine model and to analyze the changes in organelles of pancreatic acinar cells during the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP). AP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.5 ml/kg) into the main pancreatic duct of dogs. The induction of AP resulted in serum hyperamylasemia and a marked reduction of amylase activity in the pancreatic fluid (PF). The pancreatic exocrine function was markedly decreased in subjects with AP compared with the control group. After the induction of AP, histological examination showed acinar cell edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization, fibroblasts infiltration, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium. Electron micrographs after the induction of AP revealed that most of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were dilated and that some of the ribosomes were no longer located on the RER. The mitochondria were swollen, with shortened and broken cristae. The present study demonstrated, in a canine model, a reduced volume of PF secretion with decreased enzyme secretion during the early stage of AP. Injury of mitochondria and dilatation and degranulation of RER may be responsible for the reduced exocrine function in AP. Furthermore, the present model and results may be useful for researching novel therapeutic measures in AP.</p></div

Bicarbonate concentration and pH value in the PF in a canine AP model.

<p>AP was induced by a retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.5 ml/kg) via the main pancreatic duct. (A) Bicarbonate concentration in the PF, (B) pH value of the PF, (n = 6 dogs per group). The bicarbonate concentration and pH value in the PF were significantly decreased after AP induction compared with the control group. *P < 0.05, the AP group vs. the control group at both time points.</p

The PF volume, outputs of amylase activity, lipase activity, and protein concentration in the PF in a canine AP model.

<p>AP was induced by a retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.5 ml/kg) via the main pancreatic duct. (A): volume of PF (ml/24 h), (B): amylase activity in PF (U/l), (C): lipase activity in PF (U/l), (D): protein concentration in PF (g/l), (n = 6 dogs per group). The PF volume, amylase activity, lipase activity, and protein concentration in the PF were significantly decreased after the induction of AP compared with the control group. *P < 0.05, the AP group vs. the control group at both time points.</p

Composition of TPN Formulation.

<p>Composition of TPN Formulation.</p