Survival of liver MNC-derived cells in lethally irradiated mice.

<p>(A) Hepatic MNCs (10⁶) from CD45.1⁺ mice were mixed with 10⁶ support BM cells from CD45.2⁺ mice and transferred into lethally irradiated CD45.2⁺ B6 mice. (B–C) Two months post-transfer, CD45.1⁺ cells in the recipient liver, spleen, and BM were gated, and the expression of CD3 and CD19 was analyzed (n = 3 mice/group). (D) Hepatic MNCs (10⁶) from CD45.1⁺ mice were transferred into CD45.1⁻<i>Rag-1^−/−Il2rg^−/−</i> mice. (E) Two months post-transfer, CD45.1⁺ donor cells in the recipient liver, spleen, and BM were gated, and the expression of CD3e and CD19 were analyzed (n = 3 mice/group). All data are representative of 2 independent experiments.</p

Characterizing the Lymphopoietic Kinetics and Features of Hematopoietic Progenitors Contained in the Adult Murine Liver In Vivo

<div><p>The appearance of donor-derived lymphocytes in liver transplant patients suggests that adult livers may contain cells capable of lymphopoiesis. However, only a few published studies have addressed the lymphopoietic capacity of adult liver cells, and its kinetics and features remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the lymphopoietic capacity of adult liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) and purified liver hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in vivo. Similar to bone-marrow transplantation (BMT), transplantation of liver MNCs alone was able to rescue survival of lethally irradiated mice. In terms of kinetics, liver MNC-derived myeloid lineage cells reconstituted more slowly than those from BMT. Liver MNC-derived lymphocyte lineage cells in the blood, spleen and BM also reconstituted more slowly than BMT, but lymphocytes in the liver recovered at a similar rate. Interestingly, liver MNCs predominantly gave rise to CD3⁺CD19⁻ T cells in both irradiated WT and non-irradiated lymphocyte-deficient <i>Rag-1^−/−Il2rg^−/−</i> recipients. To define the lymphopoietic potential of various cell populations within liver MNCs, we transplanted purified lineage-negative (Lin⁻) liver HPCs into recipient mice. Unlike total liver MNCs, liver HPCs reconstituted T and B cells in similar frequencies to BMT. We further determined that the predominance of T cells observed after transplanting total liver MNCs likely originated from mature T cells, as purified donor liver T cells proliferated in the recipients and gave rise to CD8⁺ T cells. Thus, the capacity of donor adult liver cells to reconstitute lymphocytes in recipients derives from both HPCs and mature T cells contained in the liver MNC population.</p></div

Lymphoid lineage cells reconstituted after liver MNCs transplantation were characterized.

<p>The absolute number of (A) WBCs or (B) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of recipients after liver MNC or BM transplantation were tracked over 6 weeks (n = 5 mice/group). (C–E) Absolute number of lymphocytes in (C) liver, (D) spleen, and (E) BM was calculated 3 weeks after BMT or liver MNC transplantation (LMNCT). Wild-type (WT) mice without irradiation served as the control group. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 2–3 mice/group). ***<i>p</i><0.001. All data are representative of no less than 2 independent experiments.</p

Lethally irradiated mice were rescued by liver MNC transplantation.

<p>(A) Survival curves of lethally irradiated B6 mice that received the indicated cells: 4×10⁶ liver MNCs (LMNCT), BMCs (BMT), splenic cells (splenic MNCT), or PBMCs (PB MNCT) from 0.3 mL total peripheral blood; lethally irradiated mice without transplantation served as the control group (n = 5–6 mice/group). (B) Weight changes in mice were monitored for over 3 weeks after liver MNC or BM transplantation. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–6 mice/group). (C) Survival of lethally irradiated B6 mice received the indicated number of liver MNCs (n = 5 per group). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01. All experiments were repeated in no less than 2 independent experiments.</p

Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer-1

Reference to the standard curve, as described in methods. The copy number of each mRNA was further normalized as the ratio to the copy number of in all samples. For each gene marker, when the copy number was less than 100, it could not be detectable as a negative case. All the negative results of each indicated gene were shown as number undetected. The median is marked as "" in each group. Where the frequency of negative cases is > 50%, the median cannot be shown.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/156</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():156-156.</p><p>Published online 31 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424066.</p><p></p

Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer-3

Erence to the standard curve, as described in methods. The copy number of each mRNA was further normalized as the ratio to the copy number of . For each gene marker, when the copy number was less than 100, it could not be detectable as a negative case. All the negative results of each indicated gene were shown as number undetected. The median is marked as "" in each group. Where the frequency of negative cases is > 50%, the median cannot be shown. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare the gene expression levels between NSCLC and tuberculo pleurisy groups. P < 0.05 (2-tailed test) was considered significant.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/156</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():156-156.</p><p>Published online 31 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424066.</p><p></p

Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer-0

Rated by electrophoresis and visualized in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. PB = Peripheral blood; PF = Pleural fluid.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/156</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():156-156.</p><p>Published online 31 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424066.</p><p></p

Lymphoid lineage subsets reconstituted after liver MNC transplantation were characterized.

<p>The percentage of (A) CD3⁺CD19⁻ T cells, (B) CD3⁻CD19⁺ B cells, or (C) CD3⁻CD19⁻NK1.1⁺ NK cells among total lymphocytes in spleen, liver, peripheral blood (PB), and BM were shown in recipient mice 3 weeks after BMT and liver MNC transplantation. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 2–3 mice/group). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001. All data are representative of no less than two independent experiments.</p

Myeloid lineage cells differentiated from donor liver MNCs were characterized in lethally irradiated recipients.

<p>Peripheral blood from B6 mice that received liver MNCs or BMCs after lethal irradiation was collected at the indicated time points, and dynamic changes in the number of (A) neutrophils, (B) eosinophils, (C) monocytes, (D) red blood cells (RBCs), and (E) platelets (PLTs) were tracked over 6 weeks. Each symbol represents an individual mouse, and the connected lines represent the mean cell numbers found for each experimental group. *<i>p</i><0.05, ***<i>p</i><0.001. Data were collected from 3 independent experiments.</p

Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer-2

Reference to the standard curve, as described in methods. The copy number of each mRNA was further normalized as the ratio to the copy number of . For each gene marker, when the copy number was less than 100, it could not be detectable as a negative case. All the negative results of each indicated gene were shown as number undetected. The median is marked as "" in each group. Where the frequency of negative cases is > 50%, the median cannot be shown. The K Independent Samples Test (Media Test) was used to analyze gene expression levels among NSCLC patients at different pathologic stages. P < 0.05 (2-tailed test) was considered significant.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Diagnostic utility of mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/156</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():156-156.</p><p>Published online 31 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424066.</p><p></p