Iterative DNA Coding Scheme With GC Balance and Run-Length Constraints Using a Greedy Algorithm

In this paper, we propose a novel iterative encoding algorithm for DNA storage to satisfy both the GC balance and run-length constraints using a greedy algorithm. DNA strands with run-length more than three and the GC balance ratio far from 50\% are known to be prone to errors. The proposed encoding algorithm stores data at high information density with high flexibility of run-length at most $m$ and GC balance between $0.5\pm\alpha$ for arbitrary $m$ and $\alpha$. More importantly, we propose a novel mapping method to reduce the average bit error compared to the randomly generated mapping method, using a greedy algorithm. The proposed algorithm is implemented through iterative encoding, consisting of three main steps: randomization, M-ary mapping, and verification. It has an information density of 1.8616 bits/nt in the case of $m=3$, which approaches the theoretical upper bound of 1.98 bits/nt, while satisfying two constraints. Also, the average bit error caused by the one nt error is 2.3455 bits, which is reduced by $20.5\%$, compared to the randomized mapping.Comment: 19 page

Effects of initial public offerings on economic performance of small and medium-sized enterprises

This study investigates the effects of the initial public offerings (I.P.O.s) of small and medium-sized enterprises (S.M.E.s) and their efforts to cooperate with large conglomerates on S.M.E.s’economic performance and job creation. This study conducted a series of analyses of variance with a 22 between-subject design (I.P.O.s and cooperation with large conglomerates) and multiple regression analyses for credit ratings using 4419 and 3919 samples, respectively, of S.M.E.s from the Korea Innovation Survey. The results showed that I.P.O.s and cooperation with large conglomerates are positively associated with S.M.E.s’job creation as well as multiple economic outcomes. Moreover, several scholars have argued that more accurate credit rating criteria should be proposed to evaluate the potential values of S.M.E.s because the current criteria mainly focus on their short-term financial and economic performance. Based on the results of the multiple regression analyses, this study found that I.P.O.s have a negative effect on S.M.E.s’credit ratings, whereas cooperation with large conglomerates and job creation have no effect and the growth rates of net income and current assets have a positive effec

Efficient wavelength conversion and net parametric gain via four wave mixing in a high index doped silica waveguide

We demonstrate sub-picosecond wavelength conversion in the C-band via four wave mixing in a 45cm long high index doped silica spiral waveguide. We achieve an on/off conversion efficiency (signal to idler) of + 16.5dB as well as a parametric gain of + 15dB for a peak pump power of 38W over a wavelength range of 100nm. Furthermore, we demonstrated a minimum gain of + 5dB over a wavelength range as large as 200nm

Tumor slice culture as a biologic surrogate of human cancer.

Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to every aspect of cancer biology. Organotypic tumor slice cultures (TSCs) preserve the original TME and have demonstrated utility in predicting drug sensitivity, but the association between clinicopathologic parameters and Methods: One hundred and eight fresh tumor specimens from liver resections at a tertiary academic center were procured and precisely cut with a Vibratome to create 250 μm × 6 mm slices. These fixed-dimension TSCs were grown on polytetrafluoroethylene inserts, and their metabolic activities were determined by a colorimetric assay. Correlation between baseline activities and clinicopathologic parameters was assessed. Tissue CEA mRNA expression was determined by RNAseq. Results: By standardizing the dimensions of a slice, we found that adjacent tumor slices have equivalent metabolic activities, while those derived from different tumors exhibit \u3e30-fold range in baseline MTS absorbances, which correlated significantly with the percentage of tumor necrosis based on histologic assessment. Extending this to individual cancers, we were able to detect intra-tumoral heterogeneity over a span of a few millimeters, which reflects differences in tumor cell density and Ki-67 positivity. For colorectal cancers, tissue CEA expression based on RNAseq of tumor slices was found to correlate with clinical response to chemotherapies. Conclusions: We report a standardized method to assess and compare human cancer growth ex vivo across a wide spectrum of tumor samples. TSC reflects the state of tumor behavior and heterogeneity, thus providing a simple approach to study of human cancers with an intact TME

PHF7 Modulates BRDT Stability and Histone-to-Protamine Exchange during Spermiogenesis

Chang Rok Kim, Taichi Noda, Hyunkyung Kim, Gibeom Kim, Seongwan Park, Yongwoo Na, Seiya Oura, Keisuke Shimada, Injin Bang, Jun-Yeong Ahn, Yong Ryoul Kim, Se Kyu Oh, Hee-Jung Choi, Jong-Seo Kim, Inkyung Jung, Ho Lee, Yuki Okada, Masahito Ikawa, Sung Hee Baek, PHF7 Modulates BRDT Stability and Histone-to-Protamine Exchange during Spermiogenesis, Cell Reports, Volume 32, Issue 4, 2020, 107950, ISSN 2211-1247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107950

タナベワン ニ オケル ショクブツ プランクトン ゾウショク カテイ ノ カンソク ト グンシュウ ミツド ヘンドウ ノ リアルタイム ヨソク

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第10424号工博第2299号新制||工||1288(附属図書館)UT51-2003-N915京都大学大学院工学研究科土木工学専攻(主査)教授 髙山 知司, 教授 酒井 哲郎, 助教授 間瀬 肇学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of EngineeringKyoto UniversityDA