Phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on allele frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B loci shows the relationships of our cohorts with other populations.

<p>Uyghur Cohort included our Uyghur HIV-1 positive and negative groups. Han Cohort included our Han HIV-1 positive and negative groups.</p

Common HLA class I allele frequencies comparison in Uyghur HIV-1 positive and negative cohorts.

<p>Only alleles with frequencies ≥0.01 are shown. The <i>q</i> values refer to comparisons between HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative groups.</p

High Resolution Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Allele Frequencies and HIV-1 Infection Associations in Chinese Han and Uyghur Cohorts

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Host immunogenetic factors such as HLA class I polymorphism are important to HIV-1 infection risk and AIDS progression. Previous studies using high-resolution HLA class I profile data of Chinese populations appeared insufficient to provide information for HIV-1 vaccine development and clinical trial design. Here we reported HLA class I association with HIV-1 susceptibility in a Chinese Han and a Chinese Uyghur cohort.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>Our cohort included 327 Han and 161 Uyghur ethnic individuals. Each cohort included HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative subjects. Four-digit HLA class I typing was performed by sequencing-based typing and high-resolution PCR-sequence specific primer. We compared the HLA class I allele and inferred haplotype frequencies between HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative groups. A neighbor-joining tree between our cohorts and other populations was constructed based on allele frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B loci. We identified 58 HLA-A, 75 HLA-B, and 32 HLA-Cw distinct alleles from our cohort and no novel alleles. The frequency of HLA-B*5201 and A*0301 was significantly higher in the Han HIV-1 negative group. The frequency of HLA-B*5101 was significantly higher in the Uyghur HIV-1 negative group. We observed statistically significant increases in expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm predicted haplotype frequencies of HLA-A*0201-B*5101 in the Uyghur HIV-1 negative group, and of Cw*0304-B*4001 in the Han HIV-1 negative group. The B62s supertype frequency was found to be significantly higher in the Han HIV-1 negative group than in the Han HIV-1 positive group.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>At the four-digit level, several HLA class I alleles and haplotypes were associated with lower HIV-1 susceptibility. Homogeneity of HLA class I and Bw4/Bw6 heterozygosity were not associated with HIV-1 susceptibility in our cohort. These observations contribute to the Chinese HLA database and could prove useful in the development of HIV-1 vaccine candidates.</p> </div

Common HLA class I inferred haplotype frequencies comparison in Uyghur HIV-1 positive and negative cohorts.

<p>Only haplotypes with estimated frequencies ≥0.02 are shown. The <i>q</i> values refer to comparisons between HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative groups.</p

Common HLA class I haplotypes in Chinese Uyghur and Han populations.

<p>Only haplotypes with estimated frequencies ≥0.02 are shown.</p

Common HLA class I allele frequencies comparison in Han HIV-1 positive and negative cohorts.

<p>Only alleles with frequencies ≥0.01 are shown. The <i>q</i> values refer to comparisons between HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative groups.</p

Common HLA class I alleles in Chinese Uyghur and Han populations.

<p>Uygur 2n = 322. Han 2n = 654. Alleles with frequencies lower than 0.01 in both Uyghur and Han cohorts are not shown.</p

Common HLA class I inferred haplotype frequencies comparison in Han HIV-1 positive and negative cohorts.

<p>Only haplotypes with estimated frequencies ≥0.02 are shown. The <i>q</i> values refer to comparisons between HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative groups.</p

Flow diagram of the study.

BackgroundTo Frailty is associated with postoperative delirium (POD) but is rarely assessed in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. In this study, the correlation between preoperative frailty and POD, one-year mortality will be investigated in noncardiac Chinese geriatric surgery patients.MethodsThis study is a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted at a single center with Chinese geriatric patients. Patients who undergo noncardiac surgery and are older than 70 years will be included. A total of 536 noncardiac surgery patients will be recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University for this study. The Barthel Index (BI) rating will be used to assess the patient’s ability to carry out everyday activities on the 1st preoperative day. The modified frailty index (mFI) will be used to assess frailty. Patients in the nonfrailty group will have an mFI DiscussionThis study will clarify the correlation of preoperative frailty with POD and one-year all-cause mortality in Chinese geriatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Can preoperative frailty predict POD or one-year mortality? In the face of China’s serious aging social problems, this result may have important clinical value for the surgical treatment of geriatric patients.Trial registrationThis protocol has been registered with ClinicalTrials. Gov on 12 January 2022 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05189678).</div

Timeline and schedule for enrolment, allocation, and assessments.

MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; BI, Barthel Indexl; mFI, modified frailty index; aCCI, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; 3D-CAM, 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method; CAM-ICU, confusion assessment model for intensive care unit.</p