One-Step Generation of a Drug-Releasing Hydrogel Microarray-On-A-Chip for Large-Scale Sequential Drug Combination Screening

Large-scale screening of sequential drug combinations, wherein the dynamic rewiring of intracellular pathways leads to promising therapeutic effects and improvements in quality of life, is essential for personalized medicine to ensure realistic cost and time requirements and less sample consumption. However, the large-scale screening requires expensive and complicated liquid handling systems for automation and therefore lowers the accessibility to clinicians or biologists, limiting the full potential of sequential drug combinations in clinical applications and academic investigations. Here, a miniaturized platform for high-throughput combinatorial drug screening that is "pipetting-free" and scalable for the screening of sequential drug combinations is presented. The platform uses parallel and bottom-up formation of a heterogeneous drug-releasing hydrogel microarray by self-assembly of drug-laden hydrogel microparticles. This approach eliminates the need for liquid handling systems and time-consuming operation in high-throughput large-scale screening. In addition, the serial replacement of the drug-releasing microarray-on-a-chip facilitates different drug exchange in each and every microwell in a simple and highly parallel manner, supporting scalable implementation of multistep combinatorial screening. The proposed strategy can be applied to various forms of combinatorial drug screening with limited amounts of samples and resources, which will broaden the use of the large-scale screening for precision medicine

Reducing time to discovery : materials and molecular modeling, imaging, informatics, and integration

This work was supported by the KAIST-funded Global Singularity Research Program for 2019 and 2020. J.C.A. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant TRIPODS + X:RES-1839234 and the Nano/Human Interfaces Presidential Initiative. S.V.K.’s effort was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility.Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provides solid ground on which materials theory and design can flourish. Recently, KAIST announced 10 flagship research fields, which include KAIST Materials Revolution: Materials and Molecular Modeling, Imaging, Informatics and Integration (M3I3). The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce the time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on elucidating multiscale processing-structure-property relationship and materials hierarchy, which are to be quantified and understood through a combination of machine learning and scientific insights. In this review, we begin by introducing recent progress on related initiatives around the globe, such as the Materials Genome Initiative (U.S.), Materials Informatics (U.S.), the Materials Project (U.S.), the Open Quantum Materials Database (U.S.), Materials Research by Information Integration Initiative (Japan), Novel Materials Discovery (E.U.), the NOMAD repository (E.U.), Materials Scientific Data Sharing Network (China), Vom Materials Zur Innovation (Germany), and Creative Materials Discovery (Korea), and discuss the role of multiscale materials and molecular imaging combined with machine learning in realizing the vision of M3I3. Specifically, microscopies using photons, electrons, and physical probes will be revisited with a focus on the multiscale structural hierarchy, as well as structure-property relationships. Additionally, data mining from the literature combined with machine learning will be shown to be more efficient in finding the future direction of materials structures with improved properties than the classical approach. Examples of materials for applications in energy and information will be reviewed and discussed. A case study on the development of a Ni-Co-Mn cathode materials illustrates M3I3's approach to creating libraries of multiscale structure-property-processing relationships. We end with a future outlook toward recent developments in the field of M3I3.Peer reviewe

Preperation of Al-based adsorbent and optimization of synthesis conditions for anion removal

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CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Mo-incorporated ZrO2 catalysts

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Propane dehydrogenation over vanadium-doped zirconium oxide catalysts

Bulk ZrO2 is a highly active and selective catalyst for dehydrogenation of propane (PDH), in which co-ordinatively unsaturated Zr cations (Zr-cus(4+)) serve as active sites. Substitution of dopant ions into Zr lattice can improve its catalytic activity by generating more Zr-cus(4+) sites. In this work, a series of vanadium-doped ZrO2 metal oxides (VZrO-x) have been prepared and the influences of vanadium content on their properties have been systematically investigated. Various characterization techniques showed that an appropriate amount of vanadium dopant helps more Zr-cus(4+) sites to be created by a structural transformation and H-2 pretreatment. However, excess vanadium dopant led to a negative effect on the catalytic activity owing to the formation of bulk-like V2O5 crystallites. The catalytic activity of VZrO-x is well correlated with the amount of Lewis acid sites because Zr-cus(4+) cations correspond to Lewis acid sites. The VZrO-8 catalyst exhibited two times higher activity than pure ZrO2. Moreover, for repeated cycles the activity was totally recovered by oxidative regeneration followed by reductive pretreatment. Finally, the performance test results showed that H-2 co-feeding can further enhance the activity by suppressing coke deposition during PDH.11Nsciescopu

Vanadium promoted zirconium oxide catalysts for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation

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Optimization of conditions for H2O adsorption on activated Al2O3 in liquid phase

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Supercritical CO2 compressor operation near stall and surge conditions

Instabilities such as stall and surge have been widely studied in open loop gas turbine system for several decades. However, researches on instabilities in a closed loop are limited. Especially, no experimental investigation in a supercritical CO2 compressor has been performed thoroughly before. An integral test loop equipped with a turbo-alternator-compressor using active magnetic bearing was utilized to study the instabilities in a supercritical CO2 compressor. The compressor performance testing was conducted including near stall and surge operating conditions. The mass flow rate of compressor was greatly reduced even beyond surge limit and pressure was measured with high frequency transducer to observe the characteristics. It was observed that as the inertia of the system was changed by altering the compressor inlet conditions, the characteristics of the supercritical CO2 compressor in unstable operating conditions also vary. This can be qualitatively explained by using the theory Greitzer proposed previously

Amine-functionalized mesocellular silica foam supports for heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation over Pd catalysts

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Direction for High-Performance Supercritical CO2 Centrifugal Compressor Design for Dry Cooled Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

To overcome the degradation of the cycle efficiency of a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle with dry cooling, this study proposes an improved design of an S-CO2 centrifugal compressor. The conventional air centrifugal compressor can achieve higher efficiency as backsweep angle increases. However, the structural issue restricts the maximum allowable angle (−50~−56°). In this study, an S-CO2 centrifugal compressor performance was examined while changing the backward sweep angle at impeller exit to study if the previous optimum backsweep angle for an air centrifugal compressor is still valid when the fluid has changed. It is shown through an analysis that an S-CO2 centrifugal compressor can achieve the highest efficiency at −70° backsweep angle, which is greater than the typical design value. The S-CO2 centrifugal compressor is less restricted from a structural integrity issue because it has low relative Mach number regardless of the low sound speed near critical point (Tc = 304.11 K, Pc = 7377 kPa). It is also shown in the paper that the variation of compressibility factor does not impact on its total to total efficiency since its Mach number is still lower than unity. Finally, it is also shown that a backward sweep impeller can achieve higher pressure ratio and operate stably in wider range as the mass flow rate is decreased. As further works, the suggested concept will be validated by the structural analysis and the compressor performance test