Association of serum lycopene concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study

BackgroundLycopene is one of the hydrocarbon carotenoids which is largely studied for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improvement of endothelial function and anti-arteriosclerosis effects. The use of lycopene has been shown to reduce mortality in the general population. However, few studies have examined the association between serum lycopene level and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodThis study included 7,683 adults with CKD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2006. Mortality status and cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultDuring a median follow-up time of 309 months, there were 5,226 total deaths. The median (interquartile range) serum lycopene concentration was 20.0 (12.0, 32.0) μg/dl. After fully adjusted, restricted cubic spline analyses reported that higher serum lycopene concentrations were significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with CKD (P < 0.001, P = 0.001). When extreme quartiles of serum lycopene concentrations were compared, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.778 (0.714–0.848) for all-cause mortality (P < 0.001), and 0.791 (0.692–0.905) for CVD mortality (P < 0.001). Specifically, higher serum lycopene decreased the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality at both CKD stage 1–2 and stage 3–5. Further subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses supported the current results.ConclusionHigher serum lycopene was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with CKD. These findings suggested that maintain serum lycopene concentrations could lower mortality risk in CKD patients

Experimental study on the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the anchoring performance of GFRP anchor

In view of the failure of rock anchors in spring thawing periods of seasonal freezing areas, this paper aims to investigate the anchorage ability of GFRP anchors under the action of freeze-thaw cycles.Through designing the physical model, loading tests were carried out on the test blocks experiencing 25, 50, and 75 freeze-thaw cycles.According to the test data and failure phenomena, the variation laws of the stress and bearing capacity of the GFRP bolt after freeze-thaw were analyzed.The results show that the freeze-thaw cycle will lead to a decrease in bonding performance between epoxy resin mortar and concrete. After 25, 50 and 75 cycles, the bearing capacity loss is 38.24%, 42.65% and 52.94%, respectively.The ultimate bearing capacity of the bolt decreases obviously with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The freeze-thaw cycle accelerates the deterioration of the material properties of the bonding material and the surrounding rock. In the process, the load transfer to the interior is accelerated, leading to a reduction in the stress difference among points on the GFRP bolt, and the stress distribution of the bolt is more uniform than that at room temperature. Meanwhile, the deterioration of the material properties leads to local failure ahead of time, and the overall bearing capacity of the bolt is reduced.The research results can provide suggestions for the engineering application of GFRP anchor

Table_1_Association of serum lycopene concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study.docx

BackgroundLycopene is one of the hydrocarbon carotenoids which is largely studied for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improvement of endothelial function and anti-arteriosclerosis effects. The use of lycopene has been shown to reduce mortality in the general population. However, few studies have examined the association between serum lycopene level and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodThis study included 7,683 adults with CKD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2006. Mortality status and cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultDuring a median follow-up time of 309 months, there were 5,226 total deaths. The median (interquartile range) serum lycopene concentration was 20.0 (12.0, 32.0) μg/dl. After fully adjusted, restricted cubic spline analyses reported that higher serum lycopene concentrations were significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with CKD (P ConclusionHigher serum lycopene was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with CKD. These findings suggested that maintain serum lycopene concentrations could lower mortality risk in CKD patients.</p

Table_2_Association of serum lycopene concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study.docx

BackgroundLycopene is one of the hydrocarbon carotenoids which is largely studied for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improvement of endothelial function and anti-arteriosclerosis effects. The use of lycopene has been shown to reduce mortality in the general population. However, few studies have examined the association between serum lycopene level and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodThis study included 7,683 adults with CKD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2006. Mortality status and cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultDuring a median follow-up time of 309 months, there were 5,226 total deaths. The median (interquartile range) serum lycopene concentration was 20.0 (12.0, 32.0) μg/dl. After fully adjusted, restricted cubic spline analyses reported that higher serum lycopene concentrations were significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with CKD (P ConclusionHigher serum lycopene was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with CKD. These findings suggested that maintain serum lycopene concentrations could lower mortality risk in CKD patients.</p

Table_3_Association of serum lycopene concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study.docx

BackgroundLycopene is one of the hydrocarbon carotenoids which is largely studied for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improvement of endothelial function and anti-arteriosclerosis effects. The use of lycopene has been shown to reduce mortality in the general population. However, few studies have examined the association between serum lycopene level and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodThis study included 7,683 adults with CKD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2006. Mortality status and cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultDuring a median follow-up time of 309 months, there were 5,226 total deaths. The median (interquartile range) serum lycopene concentration was 20.0 (12.0, 32.0) μg/dl. After fully adjusted, restricted cubic spline analyses reported that higher serum lycopene concentrations were significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with CKD (P ConclusionHigher serum lycopene was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with CKD. These findings suggested that maintain serum lycopene concentrations could lower mortality risk in CKD patients.</p