IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report, Summary for Policymakers. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.

This Synthesis Report (SYR) of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) summarises the state of knowledge of climate change, its widespread impacts and risks, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. It integrates the main findings of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) based on contributions from the three Working Groups1 , and the three Special Reports. The summary for Policymakers (SPM) is structured in three parts: SPM.A Current Status and Trends, SPM.B Future Climate Change, Risks, and Long-Term Responses, and SPM.C Responses in the Near Term.This report recognizes the interdependence of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies; the value of diverse forms of knowledge; and the close linkages between climate change adaptation, mitigation, ecosystem health, human well-being and sustainable development, and reflects the increasing diversity of actors involved in climate action. Based on scientific understanding, key findings can be formulated as statements of fact or associated with an assessed level of confidence using the IPCC calibrated language

A Robust Current Controller for Uncertain Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with a Performance Recovery Property for Electric Power Steering Applications

This paper presents a robust current tracking controller for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with a performance recovery property for electric power steering (EPS) applications. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, a disturbance observer (DOB) is designed to compensate the disturbances arising from the model–plant mismatches while reducing the closed-loop sensitivity. Second, a current controller is designed to improve the current tracking performance in the frequency domain by assigning the performance recovery property to the closed-loop system. The closed-loop performance is verified through simulations and experiments using a 500W PMSM connected to an EPS system

Statistical Analysis of Uniform Switching Characteristics of Ta2O5-Based Memristors by Embedding In-Situ Grown 2D-MoS2 Buffer Layers

A memristor based on emerging resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for use as a next-generation neuromorphic computing device which overcomes the von Neumann bottleneck. Meanwhile, due to their unique properties, including atomically thin layers and surface smoothness, two-dimensional (2D) materials are being widely studied for implementation in the development of new information-processing electronic devices. However, inherent drawbacks concerning operational uniformities, such as device-to-device variability, device yield, and reliability, are huge challenges in the realization of concrete memristor hardware devices. In this study, we fabricated Ta2O5-based memristor devices, where a 2D-MoS2 buffer layer was directly inserted between the Ta2O5 switching layer and the Ag metal electrode to improve uniform switching characteristics in terms of switching voltage, the distribution of resistance states, endurance, and retention. A 2D-MoS2 layered buffer film with a 5 nm thickness was directly grown on the Ta2O5 switching layer by the atomic-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) method, which is highly uniform and provided a superior yield of 2D-MoS2 film. It was observed that the switching operation was dramatically stabilized via the introduction of the 2D-MoS2 buffer layer compared to a pristine device without the buffer layer. It was assumed that the difference in mobility and reduction rates between Ta2O5 and MoS2 caused the narrow localization of ion migration, inducing the formation of more stable conduction filament. In addition, an excellent yield of 98% was confirmed while showing cell-to-cell operation uniformity, and the extrinsic and intrinsic variabilities in operating the device were highly uniform. Thus, the introduction of a MoS2 buffer layer could improve highly reliable memristor device switching operation

Self-maintainable Data Warehouse Views Using Differential Files

Data warehouses materialize views in order to provide fast access to information, but the correctness also should be maintained. The notion of selfmaintenance can be a goal that defined as maintaining views by materializing supplementary data. Incremental update mechanisms can now be prospective way to the goal. A discussion with extensive literature is generated on several issues with maintaining data warehouse views. There are issues related to the data warehouse view maintenance: algebraic approaches, the concurrency control problem, database rule related problems. Motivating example derived from TPC-D database is suggested in terms of incremental base relation method, auxiliary view method, and differential method respectively. After quantitative dealings and qualitative measures are reviewed, it is concluded that the differential method is superior to the others in that it is a true selfmaintenance method and it does not burden the current base relations.This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Advanced Information Technology Research Center (AITrc), and the first author was supported by postdoctoral fellowship program from KOSEF