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Metascreen-Based Acoustic Passive Phased Array
Conventional phased arrays require a large number of sources in forming a complex wave front, resulting in complexity and a high cost to operate the individual sources. We present a passive phased array using an acoustic metascreen that transmits sound energy from a single source and steers the transmitted wave front to form the desired fields. The metascreen is composed of elements that have a discrete resolution along the screen at an order smaller than the wavelength, allowing for fine wave-front shaping beyond the paraxial approximation. The performance is verified in experiment by forming a self-bending beam. Our metascreen-based passive array with its simplicity and capability has applications in places where conventional active arrays are complex and have limitations.Acoustical Society of AmericaNational Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 2010CB327803 2012CB921504National Natural Science Foundation of China 11174138 11174139 11222442 81127901 11274168Physic
Neuroprotective effect of whole-plant extract of Torilis leptophylla in isoflurane-treated rats
Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Torilis leptophylla (TL) extract on animals exposed to isoflurane-induced anesthesia.Methods: General anesthesia was induced in diabetic rats by administration of 2 % sevoflurane (v/v) in 100 % oxygen. The animals from the treatment group were orally administered TL extract. Behavioral parameters, the explicit objection recognition index, and performance in water maze experiments were observed. Additionally, the neuroprotection provided by the herbal extract was measured in terms of the reduction in oxidative stress in isolated animal brain tissue.Results: The study showed approximately 1.5-fold improvement in object recognition index of TL extract- treated anesthetized rats compared with the control group of anesthetized animals. Additionally, the escape latency values of the anesthetized rats in Morris water maze experiments were reduced following TL extract treatment at all time points throughout the 5-day study protocol. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain indicate that the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were improved by approximately 1.43- and 1.36-fold in TL-extract-treated rats compared with those in the control group.Conclusion: The results of the present study show that cognitive dysfunction and brain injury associated with enhanced oxidative stress can be reversed by the antioxidant properties of the TL extract.Keywords: Anesthesia, Torilis leptophylla, Neuroprotection, Brain injury, Cognitive impairment, Isofluran
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