PO-157 Effect of exercise training on mitochondrial content after ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rat

Objective To investigate the effect exercise training on mitochondrial content after ischemia in the cerebral cortex, and the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in this process. Methods  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): Sham operation group (SH), Sham operation and training group (ST), ischemia control group (IC), ischemia and training group (IT). The ischemia model rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion   which was produced by the intraluminal suture technique. The rats in the sham group underwent the same procedure except for the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Fourteen days after operation, the exercise training animals were exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% grade for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Mitochondrial membrane potent was determined using JC-1. ATP synthesis capacity was determined using a bioluminescence technique. The protein expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam, PINK1 and Parkin in cerebral cortex were detected by Western-blotting. Results Compared with SH group, ischemia attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthesis capacity, and the expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam in cerebral cortex (P<0.05~0.01). Furthermore, ischemia increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin (P<0.05~0.01). Compared with IC group, exercise training elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthesis capacity, and the expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam, PINK1, Parkin in IT group (P<0.05~0.01). Conclusions A combination of reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitophage seems to be responsible for the decrease in mitochondrial content after ischemia. Exercise training after ischemia elevated mitochondrial content and function in cerebral cortex, which may be mediated by appropriately increase and co-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophage

Localization-delocalization Transition in an electromagnetically induced photonic lattice

We investigate the localization-delocalization transition (LDT) in an electromagnetically induced photonic lattice. A four-level tripod-type scheme in atomic ensembles is proposed to generate an effective photonic moir\'{e} lattice through the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) mechanism. By taking advantage of the tunable atomic coherence, we show that both periodic (commensurable) and aperiodic (incommensurable) structure can be created in such a photonic moir\'{e} lattice via adjusting the twist angle between two superimposed periodic patterns with square primitive. Furthermore, we also find that by tuning the amplitudes of these two superimposed periodic patterns, the localization-delocalization transition occurs for the light propagating in the aperiodic moir\'{e} lattice. Such localization is shown to link the fact that the flat bands of moir\'{e} lattice support quasi-nondiffracting localized modes and thus induce the localization of the initially localized beam. It would provide a promising approach to control the light propagation via the electromagnetically induced photonic lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Electrons dynamics control by shaping femtosecond laser pulses in micro/nanofabrication: modeling, method, measurement and application

During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible within the femtosecond pulse duration, whereas femtosecond photon-electron interactions dominate the entire fabrication process. Therefore, femtosecond laser fabrication must be improved by controlling localized transient electron dynamics, which poses a challenge for measuring and controlling at the electron level during fabrication processes. Pump-probe spectroscopy presents a viable solution, which can be used to observe electron dynamics during a chemical reaction. In fact, femtosecond pulse durations are shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, which permits manipulating, adjusting, or interfering with electron dynamics. Hence, we proposed to control localized transient electron dynamics by temporally or spatially shaping femtosecond pulses, and further to modify localized transient materials properties, and then to adjust material phase change, and eventually to implement a novel fabrication method. This review covers our progresses over the past decade regarding electrons dynamics control (EDC) by shaping femtosecond laser pulses in micro/nanomanufacturing: (1) Theoretical models were developed to prove EDC feasibility and reveal its mechanisms; (2) on the basis of the theoretical predictions, many experiments are conducted to validate our EDC-based femtosecond laser fabrication method. Seven examples are reported, which proves that the proposed method can significantly improve fabrication precision, quality, throughput and repeatability and effectively control micro/nanoscale structures; (3) a multiscale measurement system was proposed and developed to study the fundamentals of EDC from the femtosecond scale to the nanosecond scale and to the millisecond scale; and (4) As an example of practical applications, our method was employed to fabricate some key structures in one of the 16 Chinese National S&T Major Projects, for which electron dynamics were measured using our multiscale measurement system

In vivo99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V imaging of early tumor apoptosis in mice after single dose irradiation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Apoptosis is a major mode of hematological tumor death after radiation. Early detection of apoptosis may be beneficial for cancer adaptive treatment. ^99mTc-HYNIC-annexinV has been reported as a promising agent for in vivo apoptosis imaging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of in vivo^99mTc-HYNIC-annexinV imaging of radiation- induced apoptosis, and to investigate its correlation with radiosensitivity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten days after inoculation of tumor cells in the right upper limbs, the mice were randomly divided into two groups. The imaging group (4 mice each level, 4 dose levels) was injected with 4-8 MBq ^99mTc-HYNIC-annexinV 24 hours after irradiation and imaged 1 hr post-injection, and the mice were sacrificed immediately after imaging for biodistribution analysis of annexin V. The observation group (4 mice each level, 2 dose levels) was only observed for tumor regression post-radiation. The number of apoptotic cells in a tumor was estimated with TUNEL assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ^99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V uptake in E14 lymphoma significantly increased as the radiation dose escalated from 0 to 8 Gy, and significantly correlated with the number of TUNEL-positive cells (r = 0.892, P < 0.001). The Annexin-V uptake and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in El4 lymphoma were significantly greater than those in S180 sarcoma. With 8 Gy, S180 sarcoma tumor showed scanty apoptosis and less shrinkage while El4 lymphoma showed remarkable apoptosis and complete remission.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>⁹⁹mTc-HYNIC-annexinV in vivo imaging is a feasible method to detect early radiation-induced apoptosis in different tumors, and might be predictive for radiation sensitivity.</p

Biofeedback Therapy Combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Improves the Symptoms, Surface Myoelectricity, and Anal Canal Pressure of the Patients with Spleen Deficiency Constipation

In order to observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Yiqi Kaimi Prescription and biofeedback therapy on treating constipation with deficiency of spleen qi, the 30 cases in the control group were given oral administration of Yiqi Kaimi Prescription, in combination with anus-lifting exercise; the 30 cases in the treatment group were given biofeedback therapy on the basis of the afore mentioned methods for the control group. The TCM symptom scores and anorectal pressures before and after treatment were observed and evaluated. There were significant differences in TCM symptom scores, anorectal pressure, and clinical recovery rate before and after treatment. In the treatment group, the total recovery rate was 86.66%, while in the control group it was 50%; there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). Yiqi Kaimi Prescription coupled with biofeedback therapy is clinically effective for treating constipation with deficiency of spleen qi, and thus this method is applicable for functional constipation with deficiency of spleen qi