Spontaneous resolution of choledochal cyst

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are rare, congenital cystic dilations of the hepatobiliary tree that require surgical resection to avoid complications such as increased risk of malignancy. A 25‑week gestational age male infant developed acholic stools, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and ultrasound findings consistent with CC Todani Type IVA. Surgery was deferred due to the patient’s low weight. The patient’s symptoms and radiographic findings subsequently resolved spontaneously. CCs have not been previously reported in extremely preterm infants. There are rare reported cases of spontaneously resolving hepatic cysts, all containing key differences from our patient. In patients in whom immediate surgery is not feasible, conservative management with close follow‑up and serial ultrasound examinations would appear to be a reasonable course of action.Open Access Article.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Rapid Weight Gain in Pediatric Refugees after US Immigration

Prior studies of immigrants to the United States show significant weight gain after 10 years of US residence. Pediatric refugees are a vulnerable population whose post-immigration weight trajectory has not been studied. We examined the longitudinal weight trajectory of 1067 pediatric refugees seen in a single university based refugee health program between the dates of September 3, 2012 and September 3, 2014 to determine how quickly significant weight gain occurs post-arrival. The most recent BMI was abstracted from the electronic health record and charts reviewed to obtain serial BMI measurements in 3 year increments after the date of US arrival. The mean arrival BMI percentile for all refugees was 47th percentile. This increased significantly to the 63rd percentile within 3 years of US arrival (p < 0.01). This rapid increase was largely attributable to African and South and Southeast Asian refugees. The overall prevalence of age and sex adjusted obesity rose from 7.4 % at arrival to 18.3 % within 9 years of US immigration exceeding the pediatric US national obesity prevalence of 16.9 %. Pediatric refugees are at increased risk of rapid weight gain after US immigration. Targeted interventions focused on prevention of weight gain in specific populations are warranted.12 month embargo; First Online: 08 July 2016This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Congenital Parvovirus Myocarditis

Congenital parvovirus infection has a diverse presentation ranging from asymptomatic infants to intrauterine demise secondary to red cell aplasia or myocarditis. Treatment is aimed at correcting anemia with intrauterine and postnatal transfusions. We report a case of fetal hydrops with severe atrioventricular regurgitation and myocardial dysfunction secondary to parvovirus infection in a preterm infant. Myocarditis and myocardial dysfunction responded to immunoglobulin administration.12 month embargo; published online: 18 January 2018This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Rapid Weight Gain in Pediatric Refugees after US Immigration

Prior studies of immigrants to the United States show significant weight gain after 10 years of US residence. Pediatric refugees are a vulnerable population whose post-immigration weight trajectory has not been studied. We examined the longitudinal weight trajectory of 1067 pediatric refugees seen in a single university based refugee health program between the dates of September 3, 2012 and September 3, 2014 to determine how quickly significant weight gain occurs post-arrival. The most recent BMI was abstracted from the electronic health record and charts reviewed to obtain serial BMI measurements in 3 year increments after the date of US arrival. The mean arrival BMI percentile for all refugees was 47th percentile. This increased significantly to the 63rd percentile within 3 years of US arrival (p < 0.01). This rapid increase was largely attributable to African and South and Southeast Asian refugees. The overall prevalence of age and sex adjusted obesity rose from 7.4 % at arrival to 18.3 % within 9 years of US immigration exceeding the pediatric US national obesity prevalence of 16.9 %. Pediatric refugees are at increased risk of rapid weight gain after US immigration. Targeted interventions focused on prevention of weight gain in specific populations are warranted.12 month embargo; First Online: 08 July 2016This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

The Ribosome as an Optimal Decoder: A Lesson in Molecular Recognition

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine that, in order to synthesize proteins, has to decode mRNAs by pairing their codons with matching tRNAs. Decoding is a major determinant of fitness and requires accurate and fast selection of correct tRNAs among many similar competitors. However, it is unclear whether the modern ribosome, and in particular its large conformational changes during decoding, are the outcome of adaptation to its task as a decoder or the result of other constraints. Here, we derive the energy landscape that provides optimal discrimination between competing substrates and thereby optimal tRNA decoding. We show that the measured landscape of the prokaryotic ribosome is sculpted in this way. This model suggests that conformational changes of the ribosome and tRNA during decoding are means to obtain an optimal decoder. Our analysis puts forward a generic mechanism that may be utilized broadly by molecular recognition systems