Psychiatric in-patients’ experience of being secluded in a specific hospital in Lesotho

This qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was undertaken to explore and describe the experiences of psychiatric in-patients who are secluded in a specific hospital in Lesotho. Opsomming Hierdie kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele studie is onderneem om die ervaring van psigiatriese binnepasiënte in afsondering in ‘n spesifieke hospitaal in Lesotho te verken en te beskryf. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text

Development of an embedded entrepreneurship module in a clinical nursing specialist programme

Over the last few decades, the tendency toward entrepreneurship in nursing has increased due to social and economic factors. In South Africa, there are increased opportunities for nurses to develop their own businesses with the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI). To respond to the communities’ needs and implementation methods of the NHI, nurse specialists need to redefine their roles from purely hospital-based employees to business owners who work in the community and function as nurse entrepreneurs in different domains of care. In order to develop and nurture nursing entrepreneurship, a systemic approach is required that consists of enabling legal frameworks, socio-economic, professional and personal support, and educational preparation of nurses for this independent role. Higher education in general and nursing programmes specifically have not been focused or designed toward developing entrepreneurial competencies and mindsets toward self-employment. There is a need for the inclusion of entrepreneurship education in the postgraduate diploma in nursing at a specific university to improve nurse specialists’ interest in self-employment and promote positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship. The purpose of the project-based thesis was to develop an embedded entrepreneurship module for nursing students studying toward a speciality in clinical nursing in the postgraduate diploma in nursing offered by a nursing department at a specific university in South Africa. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the following objectives were set: − Explore and describe the relevant content and education process to be included in an entrepreneurship module for clinical nurse specialists. − Develop and describe the education module in business practice and entrepreneurship for clinical nurse specialists. − Evaluate the education module and implement recommendations for improvement of the education module. A three-phase module design process was followed. Phase 1 entailed a literature review on entrepreneurship education and expert consultation. The information in phase 1 led to the development of a conceptual framework. A module map and design outline were created based on the conceptual framework and the guideline documents by the regulatory bodies and legislation, after which the module descriptor was designed. Phase 3 entailed the evaluation of the module with final corrections implemented

Adolessente se belewenis van interaksie tussen adolessente met verskillende waardes binne 'n spesifieke openbare sekondêre skool in Gauteng

M.CurThe country and education system is after apartheid in a process of renewal and transformation. Adolescents in secondary schools are increasingly in interaction with adolescents who have different values. The media reports that violence and conflict in secondary schools is common. Adolescents find themselves already in a developmental period characterised by physical, emotional, social and intellectual change (Vermaak, 1993: i). It is apparent that today' s adolescent in South Africa is confronted with more than love disappointments and exam stress. This research tells the story of a group of adolescents within a specific public secondary school in Gauteng in an attempt to give the adolescent a voice. The objectives for this research are: 1. To explore and describe the adolescents' experience of interaction between adolescents with different values in a specific public secondary school in Gauteng. 2. To describe guidelines for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to mobilise resources for facilitating interaction between these adolescents in order to promote their mental health. The Theory for Health Promotion in Nursing as applied by the Nursing Department of the Rand Afrikaans University forms the basis of this research. From this perspective, the human is seen as holistically in interaction with the environment in an integrated manner, and are the four central components of this theory, namely the human, nursing, environment and health defined. The purpose of this theory is aimed at enhancing individual, family, group and community health (Rand Afrikaans University; Department of nursing, 2000: 4) and in this case, mental health. A Functional approach to nursing (Botes, 1991: 19-23) is followed, which implies that the research in nursing is mainly applied research that addresses recent health problems of the South-African community and provide solutions to these problems. It is clear that this research addresses a recent problem/trend in the South African school going adolescent community, namely the interaction between adolescents with different values in schools. The research in nursing, as developed by Botes (1995: 1-21), applies. A qualitative (Cresswell, 1994: 162), explorative (Mouton, 1996: 103), descriptive (Mouton, 1996: 102) and contextual (Mouton, 1996: 133) research design was used, and data was gathered through means ofthree focus groups (Folch-Lyon & Trost, 1981: 443; Krueger, 1994: 14,19 ,29) consisting of adolescents who complied with the sampling criteria. The researcher took field notes during and after the focus groups (Wilson, 1989: 434 ). The Gauteng Department of Education, the schools principal, the parents/guardians of the adolescents and the participating adolescents themselves gave their consent for the conducting of the research. The researcher did analyse the data using Tech's (in Cresswell, 1994: 155) descriptive method and did open coding. An independent coder analysed the data with the researcher and they held consensus discussions (Poggenpoel, 1998: 245). After the data was analysed, a literature control was conducted in order to recontextualise the data (Morse & Field, 1996: 106) and to indicate differences and similarities with other research. In phase one of the research, the researcher concluded that the adolescents experienced that certain practises and incidents in the school contribute to the deconstructive atmosphere in the school. These incidents and practises entail aspects related to discipline, respect, disempowerment, communication, expectations relating to academic issues and the confirmation of certain practises. The practises related to the deconstructive atmosphere contribute to the experiencing of emotions like frustration, anxiety, fear of rejection and victimisation, powerlessness, sadness and disappointment, uncertainty and fury. Discipline, caring and support, friendship and taking responsibility for choices made by the adolescent were practises identified that relate to a constructive atmosphere. Guidelines in phase two describe to the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner how to facilitate interaction between these adolescents in the specific secondary school in order to contribute to the promotion of their mental health. The researcher generated and describes guidelines, within the survey list as suggested by Dickoff, James & Wiedenbach (1968: 423), for a multicultural empowerment program. The researcher discussed conclusions, limitations and practical problems of the research and made suggestions for the nursing practise, education and research

A model for the facilitation of mental health of young children with HIV in Tshwane, South Africa

D.Cur.Working with children within a therapeutic relationship requires expert knowledge, expert skills, intuition, feeling and empathy for the child (Weitzman, 2003: 5). Internationally there is a need for the development of creative and effective service delivery models to be implemented by trained play therapists (Weitzman, 2003: 6). The purpose of the study was to develop a model for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to facilitate the mental health of young children diagnosed with HIV by meeting the following objectives: to explore and describe the life-world of young children diagnosed with HIV; to describe and evaluate a model to facilitate the mental health of young children diagnosed with HIV; and to describe guidelines for the implementation of the model

Parenting experiences of mothers living with a chronic mental illness

Background: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, social and economic factors associated with chronic mental illness influence mothers' parenting abilities which in turn influence childhood mental health. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the parenting experiences of mothers with a chronic mental illness. Methods: An explorative, descriptive and qualitative research design was used. Ten participants were purposively sampled until saturation occurred. Data was collected using indepth individual interviews and a content analysis was carried out. Results: Mothers with a chronic mental illness experienced various challenges and expressed their family support needs. Conclusion: A family-centred approach to mental healthcare, treatment and rehabilitation is proposed

Challenges experienced by postgraduate nursing students at a South African university

Background: The increase in nurses enrolling in postgraduate programmes as well as the need to improve their completion requires academics to establish environments conducive for postgraduate studies. The challenges experienced during postgraduate studies have to be identified to establish conducive environments.   Objective: The objective of this study was to explore and describe the challenges experienced by postgraduate nursing students enrolled in postgraduate coursework and research programmes at a South African university.   Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative design was used. The study was contextual in nature. Purposive sampling was used. Fifteen honours, master’s and doctoral students participated in the study. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis and measures to ensure trustworthiness, and ethical implementation of the study were implemented.   Results: Three themes with categories were identified, namely personal challenges (i.e. finances, employment, family and accommodation), academic and institutional challenges (i.e. workload and time constraints, contact sessions, subject information and assessment) and research-related challenges (i.e. information literacy, supervisory relationship and supervisory structure and process). Conclusion: Institutional support addressing personal, academic and research-related challenges should be provided to enhance student experiences and completion

The health literacy needs of women living with HIV/AIDS

Women in Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by the virus and constitute 60% of the total HIV/AIDS infections in this region. Current recommendations endorse the involvement of people living with HIV in the development of programmes for people living with the virus. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the health literacy needs of women living with HIV. The research design was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual. After women living with HIV/AIDS were sampled purposively, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women and qualitative content analysis done. The findings revealed that the women expressed a need to increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The knowledge they needed ranged from basic pathophysiology about HIV/AIDS, to the impact of HIV/AIDS on their health, to an awareness of the modes of HIV transmission and methods of protecting others from being infected. Other important health literacy needs related to self-care and correct antiretroviral use. A need for psychosocial skills was also identified in order for women to build and maintain their relationships. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, education and further research, based on these findings

Parenting experiences of mothers living with a chronic mental illness

Background: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, social and economic factors associated with chronic mental illness influence mothers' parenting abilities which in turn influence childhood mental health. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the parenting experiences of mothers with a chronic mental illness. Methods: An explorative, descriptive and qualitative research design was used. Ten participants were purposively sampled until saturation occurred. Data was collected using in-depth individual interviews and a content analysis was carried out. Results: Mothers with a chronic mental illness experienced various challenges and expressed their family support needs. Conclusion: A family-centred approach to mental healthcare, treatment and rehabilitation is proposed