Orbital Perturbations of the Galilean Satellites During Planetary Encounters

The Nice model of the dynamical instability and migration of the giant planets can explain many properties of the present Solar System, and can be used to constrain its early architecture. In the jumping-Jupiter version of the Nice model, required from the terrestrial planet constraint and dynamical structure of the asteroid belt, Jupiter has encounters with an ice giant. Here we study the survival of the Galilean satellites in the jumping-Jupiter model. This is an important concern because the ice-giant encounters, if deep enough, could dynamically perturb the orbits of the Galilean satellites, and lead to implausible results. We performed numerical integrations where we tracked the effect of planetary encounters on the Galilean moons. We considered three instability cases from Nesvorny & Morbidelli (2012) that differed in the number and distribution of encounters. We found that in one case, where the number of close encounters was relatively small, the Galilean satellite orbits were not significantly affected. In the other two, the orbital eccentricities of all moons were excited by encounters, Callisto's semimajor axis changed, and, in a large fraction of trials, the Laplace resonance of the inner three moons was disrupted. The subsequent evolution by tides damps eccentricities and can recapture the moons in the Laplace resonance. A more important constraint is represented by the orbital inclinations of the moons, which can be excited during the encounters and not appreciably damped by tides. We find that one instability case taken from Nesvorny & Morbidelli (2012) clearly fails this constraint. This shows how the regular satellites of Jupiter can be used to set limits on the properties of encounters in the jumping-Jupiter model, and help us to better understand how the early Solar System evolved.Comment: The Astronomical Journal, in pres

Large scale CMB anomalies from thawing cosmic strings

Cosmic strings formed during inflation are expected to be either diluted over super-Hubble distances, i.e., invisible today, or to have crossed our past light cone very recently. We discuss the latter situation in which a few strings imprint their signature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anisotropies after recombination. Being almost frozen in the Hubble flow, these strings are quasi static and evade almost all of the previously derived constraints on their tension while being able to source large scale anisotropies in the CMB sky. Using a local variance estimator on thousand of numerically simulated Nambu-Goto all sky maps, we compute the expected signal and show that it can mimic a dipole modulation at large angular scales while being negligible at small angles. Interestingly, such a scenario generically produces one cold spot from the thawing of a cosmic string loop. Mixed with anisotropies of inflationary origin, we find that a few strings of tension GU = O(1) x 10^(-6) match the amplitude of the dipole modulation reported in the Planck satellite measurements and could be at the origin of other large scale anomalies.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, uses jcappub. References added, matches published versio

High-Potential C112D/M121X (X = M, E, H, L) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurins

Site-directed mutagenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin C112D at the M121 position has afforded a series of proteins with elevated Cu^(II/I) reduction potentials relative to the CuII aquo ion. The high potential and low axial hyperfine splitting (Cu^(II) electron paramagnetic resonance A|) of the C112D/M121L protein are remarkably similar to features normally associated with type 1 copper centers

The clinical significance of the arterial ketone body ratio as an early indicator of graft viabilityin human liver transplantation

Arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) was measured sequentially in 84 liver transplantations (OLTx). These transplantation procedures were classified into 3 groups with respect to graft survival and patient condition at the end of the first month (Group A, the grafts survived longer than 1 month with satisfactory patient condition; Group B, the grafts survived longer than 1 month but the patients were ICU-bound; Group C, the grafts were lost and the patients died or underwent re-OLTx). In Group A, the AKBR was elevated to above 1.0 by the second postoperative day. In Group B, the AKBR was elevated to above 0.7 but stayed below 1.0 during this period. In Group C, the AKBR remained below 0.7 longer than 2 days after operation. Although conventional liver function tests showed significant increases in Groups B and C as compared with Group A, they were less specific in predicting ultimate graft survival. © 1991 by Williams & Wilkins

Efeito da arcelina na biologia de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann, 1833) (Coleoptera-bruchidae).

A proteina arcelina constitui-se em alternativa promissora para o controle de Zabrotes subfasciatus, importante praga do feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris) armazenado. Nas progenies de dez casais, avaliou-se o efeito de quatro variantes de arcelina (Arc1, Arc2, Arc3, Arc4), comparativamente aos controles suscetiveis 'Porrillo 70' e 'Goiano Precoce'. Os parametros avaliados foram: oviposicao, insetos emergidos, periodo ovo-adulto, razao sexual, proporcao e longevidade de machos e femeas. O menor numero medio de ovos foi observado em Arc1 (20,1) e Arc3 (28,2), seguidos por Arc4 (35,7), Arc2 (36,0), 'Porrillo 70' (44,2) e 'Goiano Precoce' (50,1). Em todos os tratamentos a postura foi iniciada no primeiro dia de vida sendo que o periodo de oviposicao mais longo foi observado e, 'Goiano Precoce' (12 dias) e o menor em Arc1, Arc3 e Arc4 (7 dias). Na oviposicao, do segundo ate o quinto dia, detectou-se a maior emergencia. O menor numero medio de insetos emergidos ocorreu em Arc1 e Arc2, seguidos por Arc3, Arc4, 'Porrillo 70' e 'Goiano Precoce', respectivamente, com 3,3;8,1; 18,2; 22,1; 27,5 e 33,9 insetos. Nas linhagens contendo arcelina, o periodo ovo-adulto foi alongado, sendo de 43,7; 36,5; 37,5; 36,6; 32,4 e 31,1 dias, respectivamente, para Arc1, Arc2, Arc3, Arc4, 'Porrillo 70' e 'Goiano Precoce'. A menor longevidade dos adultos foi observada em Arc1 e, com excecao dessa linhagem, foi maior nos machos que nas femeas. A razao sexual (0,52-0,54), e a proporcao entre machos e femeas (1:1,08-1:1,20), nao foi afetada pela (...