Zirconolite and baddeleyite in an ultramafic suite from southern India: Early Ordovician carbonatite-type melts associated with extensional collapse of the Gondwana crust

金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系We report here the occurrence of rare zirconium-bearing minerals, zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) and baddeleyite (ZrO2), from an unusual ultramafic suite within the Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) in southern India. Zirconolite occurs as inclusions within spinel in phlogopite-graphite spinellite and shows characteristic development of radial cracks. Baddeleyite is commonly observed as an included phase within phlogopite from phlogopite dunite and graphite-spinel glimmerite. The mineral also occurs less commonly within spinel and graphite from graphite-spinel glimmerite. The composition of zirconolite is characterized by an enrichment of U and Th over rare earth elements. Baddeleyite shows abundance of Zr with minor Hf, Ti, and U. The mode of occurrence along with the chemical composition of these minerals implies their formation as early-stage crystallization products from a silica-undersaturated melt that was enriched in "carbonatite-phile elements" such as Ca, Zr, Ti, and volatiles CO2 and H2O. We report U-Pb chemical ages from the zirconolite that show a mean of 469 ± 11 Ma. We correlate this age with the timing of emplacement and consolidation of the ultramafic suite within ACSZ, and it is considerably younger than the late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian ages reported from this zone. Our data suggest early Ordovician carbonatite-type melts emplaced within ACSZ, which we identify as a mantle-rooted zone. We infer that deep-seated extension along the ACSZ probably triggered the generation of such melts, related to the extensional collapse of the orogen following the collisional assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. © 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved

Timing of UHT metamorphism at Mather Peninsula in Rauer Islands: Zircon and monazite U-Th-Pb and rare earth elements chemistry constraints

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OG] 地圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所３階セミナー

Cyclic ADP-ribose and heat regulate oxytocin release via CD38 and TRPM2 in the hypothalamus during social or psychological stress in mice

Hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) is released into the brain by cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) with or without depolarizing stimulation. Previously, we showed that the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that seems to trigger OT release can be elevated by β-NAD+, cADPR, and ADP in mouse oxytocinergic neurons. As these β-NAD+ metabolites activate warm-sensitive TRPM2 cation channels, when the incubation temperature is increased, the [Ca2+]i in hypothalamic neurons is elevated. However, it has not been determined whether OT release is facilitated by heat in vitro or hyperthermia in vivo in combination with cADPR. Furthermore, it has not been examined whether CD38 and TRPM2 exert their functions on OT release during stress or stress-induced hyperthermia in relation to the anxiolytic roles and social behaviors of OT under stress conditions. Here, we report that OT release from the isolated hypothalami of male mice in culture was enhanced by extracellular application of cADPR or increasing the incubation temperature from 35°C to 38.5°C, and simultaneous stimulation showed a greater effect. This release was inhibited by a cADPR-dependent ryanodine receptor inhibitor and a nonspecific TRPM2 inhibitor. The facilitated release by heat and cADPR was suppressed in the hypothalamus isolated from CD38 knockout mice and CD38-or TRPM2-knockdown mice. In the course of these experiments, we noted that OT release differed markedly between individual mice under stress with group housing. That is, when male mice received cage-switch stress and eliminated due to their social subclass, significantly higher levels of OT release were found in subordinates compared with ordinates. In mice exposed to anxiety stress in an open field, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) OT level increased transiently at 5 min after exposure, and the rectal temperature also increased from 36.6°C to 37.8°C. OT levels in the CSF of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced fever (+0.8°C) were higher than those of control mice. The TRPM2 mRNA levels and immunoreactivities increased in the subordinate group with cage-switch stress. These results showed that cADPR/CD38 and heat/TRPM2 are co-regulators of OT secretion and suggested that CD38 and TRPM2 are potential therapeutic targets for OT release in psychiatric diseases caused by social stress. © 2016 Zhong, Amina, Liang, Akther, Yuhi, Nishimura, Tsuji, Tsuji, Liu, Hashii, Furuhara, Yokoyama, Yamamoto, Okamoto, Zhao, Lee, Tominaga, Lopatina and Higashida

OryzaExpress: An Integrated Database of Gene Expression Networks and Omics Annotations in Rice

Similarity of gene expression profiles provides important clues for understanding the biological functions of genes, biological processes and metabolic pathways related to genes. A gene expression network (GEN) is an ideal choice to grasp such expression profile similarities among genes simultaneously. For GEN construction, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) has been widely used as an index to evaluate the similarities of expression profiles for gene pairs. However, calculation of PCCs for all gene pairs requires large amounts of both time and computer resources. Based on correspondence analysis, we developed a new method for GEN construction, which takes minimal time even for large-scale expression data with general computational circumstances. Moreover, our method requires no prior parameters to remove sample redundancies in the data set. Using the new method, we constructed rice GENs from large-scale microarray data stored in a public database. We then collected and integrated various principal rice omics annotations in public and distinct databases. The integrated information contains annotations of genome, transcriptome and metabolic pathways. We thus developed the integrated database OryzaExpress for browsing GENs with an interactive and graphical viewer and principal omics annotations (http://riceball.lab.nig.ac.jp/oryzaexpress/). With integration of Arabidopsis GEN data from ATTED-II, OryzaExpress also allows us to compare GENs between rice and Arabidopsis. Thus, OryzaExpress is a comprehensive rice database that exploits powerful omics approaches from all perspectives in plant science and leads to systems biology

Anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice lacking the CD157/BST1 gene, a risk factor for Parkinson\u27s disease

金沢大学疾患モデル総合研究センターCD157, known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1, is a glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored ADP-ribosyl cyclase that supports the survival and function of B-lymphocytes and hematopoietic or intestinal stem cells. Although CD157/Bst1 is a risk locus in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD), little is known about the function of CD157 in the nervous system and contribution to PD progression. Here, we show that no apparent motor dysfunction was observed in young knockout (CD157-/-) male mice under less aging-related effects on behaviors. CD157-/- mice exhibited anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors compared with wild-type mice. These behaviors were rescued through treatment with anti-psychiatric drugs and oxytocin. CD157 was weakly expressed in the amygdala and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala was less evident in CD157-/- mice than in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that CD157 plays a role as a neuro-regulator and suggest a potential role in pre-motor symptoms in PD. © 2014 Lopatina, Yoshihara, Nishimura, Zhong, Akther, Fakhrul, Liang, Higashida, Sumi, Furuhara, Inahata, Huang, Koizumi, Yokoyama, Tsuji, Petugina, Sumarokov, Salmina, Hashida, Kitao, Hori, Asano, Kitamura, Kozaka, Shiba, Zhong, Xie, Sato, Ishihara and Higashida.CC-BY 4.

Preliminary study of the sandstones in the Torlesse terrane, New Zealand(MEMORIAL VOLUME TO THE LATE PROFESSOR TERUHIKO SAMESHIMA)

Heavy fractions of minerals in the sandstones from the Torlesse terrane are composed mainly of metamorphic minerals such as epidote, titanite and pumpellyite with subordinate amounts of detrital minerals such as zircon, garnet, apatite and ilmenite. Although metamorphism has been considered to be continuous within the Torlesse terrane, modal proportions of metamorphic minerals, especially pumpellyite and epidote, are depleted in the centreil region. Compositions of detrital garnets vary consistently with the geological age of their host sandstones. Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstones contain garnets with a wide compositional range, whereas garnets in Triassic rocks have a narrow compositional range. Rocks of both ages contain Mg-rich and Ca-rich garnets, whereas Permian gar-nets are usually rich in Mn. Although dissolution of garnets is common in the sandstones due to diagenesis and metamorphism, the difference of the garnet com-position reflects compositional differences in the source rocks. Garnets in the Permian rocks were predominantly derived from granitic rocks, whereas those in the Triassic to Cretaceous rocks were derived from garnet amphibolite and gneiss which should be lower in metamorphic grade than metamorphic rocks in the eastern Antarctic.publishe