25 research outputs found
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene expression in human pituitary tumours: a possible association with somatotroph adenomas and growth hormone-releasing hormone gene expression
Evaluating pond sand filter as sustainable drinking water supplier in the Southwest coastal region of Bangladesh
Ejection Fraction and Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Patients With Systolic Dysfunction and Sinus Rhythm: Evidence for Gender Differences in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Trials
Versuche über den Einfluß von Blutserum, Plasma und einigen Organextrakten auf Casein und seine Abbauprodukte.
The place of brassinolide in the sequential response to plant growth regulators in elongating tissue
Postentry Restriction to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Vector Transduction in Human Monocytes
Cells of the monocyte lineage can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) both during clinical infection and in vitro. The ability of HIV-1-based vectors to transduce human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) was therefore examined, in order to develop an efficient protocol for antigen gene delivery to human antigen-presenting cells. Freshly isolated monocytes were refractory to HIV-1-based vector transduction but became transducible after in vitro differentiation to mature macrophages. This maturation-dependent transduction was independent of the HIV-1 accessory proteins Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef in the packaging cells and of the central polypurine tract in the vector, and it was also observed with a vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped HIV-1 provirus, defective only in envelope and Nef. The level and extent of reverse transcription of the HIV-1-based vector was similar after infection of immature monocytes and of mature macrophages. However, 2LTR vector circles could not be detected in monocytes, suggesting a block to vector nuclear entry in these cells. Transduction of freshly isolated monocytes exposed to HIV-1-based vector could be rescued by subsequent differentiation into DCs. This rescue was induced by fetal calf serum in the DC culture medium, which promoted vector nuclear entry