AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY THROUGH OPTIC DISC USING MORPHOLOGICAL METHODS

This paper proposes a method for the automatic detection of optic disc in retinal images. In the diagnosis and grading, the essential step is recognition of optic disk for diabetic retinopathy. The analysis of directional cross section profile focused on the local maximum pixel of pre-processed image is realized by the proposed method using optic disc detection. Each profile is implemented by peak detection and property like shape, size and height of the peak are estimated. The statistical measure of the estimated values for the attributes, where the orientation of the cross-section changes the constitute feature used in morphological classification to exclude encourages candidates. The result is to find the patient is affected by diabetics or not.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Optic disk, Naives Bayes algorithm, Local maximum region

Thermo mechanical and Control Behaviour of Copper based Shape Memory Alloy Bimorph Actuator towards the Development of Micro Positioning System

A shape memory alloy (SMA) bimorph actuator is a composite structure composed of flexible polyimide substrate and SMA thin film deposited using thermal evaporation technique. In this work, the substrate thickness in the range of 25 - 75 mm was selected for the development of CuAlNiMn SMA bimorph actuator. An investigation on the control behavior of copper based SMA bimorph towards the development of micro positioning system has been performed. The actuation behavior of the SMA bimorph was studied using electrical actuation. Subsequently, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller was designed to control the bimorph actuator with proper tuning of gain parameters. The displacement of the bimorph actuator was controlled through dedicated experimental setup consisted of laser displacement sensor, data acquisition system and LabVIEW software. The CuAlNiMn SMA bimorph actuator resulted in a satisfying control performance which can be extended to MEMS applications. A preliminary prototype of the SMA bimorph actuator based micro positioning system has been developed

FTO Thin Films: Outcome of Substrate Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties

In this work, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films are effectively deposited by JNSP technique using ammonium fluoride and tin chloride as solution composition. The influence of Substrate Temperature (ST) on the structural and optical properties of FTO thin films is investigated. XRD pattern authenticates the presence of single phase polycrystalline orthorhombic structure with favored orientation along (230) and (200) directions. The sharp band obtained between 475 and 700 cm-1 originated from asymmetric stretching vibrations of metal oxide (SnO2:F). The highest band gap energy was obtained as 3.57 eV at 425°C and lowest band gap energy was obtained as 3.49 eV at 450°C obtained from UV-Vis spectra

Automated Aqua-Hydroponics System Using Arduino, Plc and IoT

79-84Promotion of soil-less organic horticulture farming practices in small and large scale markets. The promotion is done in the traditional way of aquaponics or hydroponics as a separate farming technique. The combination of this technique with the help of automation in a single system will promote high reach in the development of organic horticulture farming. The automation is done with the help of Arduino for small-scale purposes and PLC for large-scale purposes. IoT is used for displaying the necessary parameters of the system

On the Path Coverage Properties of Random Sensor Networks

In a sensor network, the points in the operational area that are suitably sensed are a two-dimensional spatial coverage process. For randomly deployed sensor networks, typically, the network coverage of two-dimensional areas is analyzed. However, in many sensor network applications, e.g., tracking of moving objects, the sensing process on paths, rather than in areas, is of interest. With such an application in mind, we analyze the coverage process induced on a one-dimensional path by a sensor network that is modeled as a two-dimensional Boolean model. In the analysis, the sensor locations form a spatial Poisson process of density \lambda and the sensing regions are circles of i.i.d. random radii. We first obtain a strong law for the fraction of a path that is k-sensed, i.e., sensed by ( \geq k ) sensors. Asymptotic path-sensing results are obtained under the same limiting regimes as those required for asymptotic coverage by a two-dimensional Boolean model. Interestingly, the asymptotic fraction of the area that is 1-sensed is the same as the fraction of a path that is 1-sensed. For k = 1, we also obtain a central limit theorem that shows that the asymptotics converge at the rate of $\theta ( \lambda ^{1/2})$ for k=1. For finite networks, the expectation and variance of the fraction of the path that is k-sensed is obtained. The asymptotics and the finite network results are then used to obtain the critical sensor density to k-sense a fraction k of an arbitrary path with very high probability is also obtained. Through simulations, we then analyze the robustness of the model when the sensor deployment is nonhomogeneous and when the paths are not rectilinear. Other path coverage measures like breach, support,length to first sense, and sensing continuity measures like holes and clumps are also characterized. Finally, we discuss some generalizations of the results like characterization of the coverage process of m-dimensionalstraight line paths by n-dimensional, n > m, sensor networks