379 research outputs found
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Identification of potential sialic acid binding proteins on cell membranes by proximity chemical labeling.
The cell membrane contains a highly interactive glycan surface on a scaffold of proteins and lipids. Sialic acids are negatively charged monosaccharides, and the proteins that bind to sialic acids play an important role in maintaining the integrity and collective functions of this interactive space. Sialic acid binding proteins are not readily identified and have nearly all been discovered empirically. In this research, we developed a proximity labeling method to characterize proteins with oxidation by localized radicals produced in situ. The sites of oxidation were identified and quantified using a standard proteomic workflow. In this method, a clickable probe was synthesized and attached to modified sialic acids on the cell membrane, which functioned as a catalyst for the localized formation of radicals from hydrogen peroxide. The proteins in the sialic acid environment were labeled through amino acid oxidation, and were categorized into three groups including sialylated proteins, non-sialylated proteins with transmembrane domains, and proteins that are associated with the membrane with neither sialylated nor transmembrane domains. The analysis of the last group of proteins showed that they were associated with binding functions including carbohydrate binding, anion binding, and cation binding, thereby revealing the nature of the sialic acid-protein interaction. This new tool identified potential sialic acid-binding proteins in the extracellular space and proteins that were organized around sialylated glycans in cells
An Empirical Study On Contrastive Search And Contrastive Decoding For Open-ended Text Generation
In the study, we empirically compare the two recently proposed decoding
methods, i.e. Contrastive Search (CS) and Contrastive Decoding (CD), for
open-ended text generation. The automatic evaluation results suggest that,
while CS performs worse than CD on the MAUVE metric, it substantially surpasses
CD on the diversity and coherence metrics. More notably, extensive human
evaluations across three different domains demonstrate that human annotators
are universally more in favor of CS over CD with substantial margins.
The contradicted results between MAUVE and human evaluations reveal that
MAUVE does not accurately reflect human preferences. Therefore, we call upon
the research community to develop better evaluation metrics for open-ended text
generation. To ensure the reproducibility of our work, we have open-sourced all
our code, evaluation results, as well as human annotations at
https://github.com/yxuansu/Contrastive_Search_versus_Contrastive_Decoding.Comment: Technical report with 9 pages, 5 tables, and 6 figure
A new variant of the Erd\H{o}s-Gy\'{a}rf\'{a}s problem on
Motivated by an extremal problem on graph-codes that links coding theory and
graph theory, Alon recently proposed a question aiming to find the smallest
number such that there is an edge coloring of by colors with no
copy of given graph in which every color appears an even number of times.
When , the question of whether colors are enough, was
initially emphasized by Alon. Through modifications to the coloring functions
originally designed by Mubayi, and Conlon, Fox, Lee and Sudakov, the question
of has already been addressed. Expanding on this line of inquiry, we
further study this new variant of the generalized Ramsey problem and provide a
conclusively affirmative answer to Alon's question concerning .Comment: Note added: Heath and Zerbib also proved the result on
independently. arXiv:2307.0131
ImbSAM: A Closer Look at Sharpness-Aware Minimization in Class-Imbalanced Recognition
Class imbalance is a common challenge in real-world recognition tasks, where
the majority of classes have few samples, also known as tail classes. We
address this challenge with the perspective of generalization and empirically
find that the promising Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) fails to address
generalization issues under the class-imbalanced setting. Through investigating
this specific type of task, we identify that its generalization bottleneck
primarily lies in the severe overfitting for tail classes with limited training
data. To overcome this bottleneck, we leverage class priors to restrict the
generalization scope of the class-agnostic SAM and propose a class-aware
smoothness optimization algorithm named Imbalanced-SAM (ImbSAM). With the
guidance of class priors, our ImbSAM specifically improves generalization
targeting tail classes. We also verify the efficacy of ImbSAM on two
prototypical applications of class-imbalanced recognition: long-tailed
classification and semi-supervised anomaly detection, where our ImbSAM
demonstrates remarkable performance improvements for tail classes and anomaly.
Our code implementation is available at
https://github.com/cool-xuan/Imbalanced_SAM.Comment: Accepted by International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 202
TDLE: 2-D LiDAR Exploration With Hierarchical Planning Using Regional Division
Exploration systems are critical for enhancing the autonomy of robots. Due to
the unpredictability of the future planning space, existing methods either
adopt an inefficient greedy strategy or require a lot of resources to obtain a
global solution. In this work, we address the challenge of obtaining global
exploration routes with minimal computing resources. A hierarchical planning
framework dynamically divides the planning space into subregions and arranges
their orders to provide global guidance for exploration. Indicators that are
compatible with the subregion order are used to choose specific exploration
targets, thereby considering estimates of spatial structure and extending the
planning space to unknown regions. Extensive simulations and field tests
demonstrate the efficacy of our method in comparison to existing 2D LiDAR-based
approaches. Our code has been made public for further investigation.Comment: Accepted in IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and
Engineering (CASE) 202
A One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Improving Randomness in Paper Assignment
The assignment of papers to reviewers is a crucial part of the peer review
processes of large publication venues, where organizers (e.g., conference
program chairs) rely on algorithms to perform automated paper assignment. As
such, a major challenge for the organizers of these processes is to specify
paper assignment algorithms that find appropriate assignments with respect to
various desiderata. Although the main objective when choosing a good paper
assignment is to maximize the expertise of each reviewer for their assigned
papers, several other considerations make introducing randomization into the
paper assignment desirable: robustness to malicious behavior, the ability to
evaluate alternative paper assignments, reviewer diversity, and reviewer
anonymity. However, it is unclear in what way one should randomize the paper
assignment in order to best satisfy all of these considerations simultaneously.
In this work, we present a practical, one-size-fits-all method for randomized
paper assignment intended to perform well across different motivations for
randomness. We show theoretically and experimentally that our method
outperforms currently-deployed methods for randomized paper assignment on
several intuitive randomness metrics, demonstrating that the randomized
assignments produced by our method are general-purpose.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, neurips 2023 spotligh
Image classification of Chinese medicinal flowers based on convolutional neural network
Background and objective:
Traditional Chinese medicine has used many herbs on the prevention and treatment of diseases for thousands of years. However, many flowers are poisonous and only few herbs have medicinal properties. Relying on experts for herbs identification is time consuming. An efficient and fast identification method is proposed in this study.
Methods:
This study proposes ResNet101 models by combining SENet and ResNet101, adding convolutional block attention module or using Bayesian optimization on Chinese medicinal flower classification. The performances of the proposed ResNet101 models were compared.
Results:
The best performance for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and PR-AUC are coming from ResNet101 model with Bayesian optimization which are 97.64%, 97.99%, 97.86%, 97.82% and 99.72%, respectively.
Conclusions:
The proposed ResNet101 model provides a better solution on the image classification of Chinese medical flowers with favourable accuracy
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