Flow chart illustrating the diagnosis of PSCI.

<p>Flow chart illustrating the diagnosis of PSCI.</p

Location of the study area.

<p>In the 2 areas studied, stroke, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes are classified as community-managed chronic diseases [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122864#pone.0122864.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122864#pone.0122864.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]. This means patients will get higher reimbursement ratio in Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs) (90% to 100% in CHSCs VS 40% in other hospitals) and more convenience for referral to the senior hospitals. So, stroke survivors are obligated to register in CHSCs for primary rehabilitation care. Meanwhile, CHSCs are responsible to report patients with the four chronic diseases to the surveillance center, usually the Center for Disease Control (CDC). We used the registered information in CHSCs and an adequate number of cases was available from the CHSCs in the 2 selected areas.</p

Prevalence of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>International hospital-based studies have indicated a high risk of cognitive impairment after stroke, evidence from community-based studies in China is scarce. To determine the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its subtypes in stroke survivors residing in selected rural and urban Chinese communities, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 599 patients accounting for 48% of all stroke survivors registered in the 4 communities, who had suffered confirmed strokes and had undergone cognitive assessments via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hachinski Ischemia Scale (HIS). Detection of PSCI was based on scores in these neuropsychological scales. Factors potentially impacting on occurrence of PSCI were explored by comparing demographic characteristics, stroke features, and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with and without PSCI. The overall prevalence of PSCI was 80.97% (95%CI: 77.82%-84.11%), while that of non-dementia PSCI (PSCI-ND) and post-stroke vascular dementia (PSD) was 48.91% (95%CI: 44.91%-52.92%) and 32.05% (95%CI: 28.32%-35.79%), respectively. Prior stroke and complications during the acute phase were independent risk factors for PSCI. The risk of recurrent stroke survivors having PSCI was 2.7 times higher than for first-episode survivors, and it was 3 times higher for those with complications during the acute phase than for those without. The higher prevalence of PSCI in this study compared with previous Chinese studies was possibly due to the combined effects of including rural stroke survivors, a longer period from stroke onset, and different assessment methods. There is an urgent need to recognize and prevent PSCI in stroke patients, especially those with recurrent stroke and complications during the acute phase.</p></div

Principal published studies of the prevalence of PSCI.

<p>BDS, Blessed Dementia Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TIA, transient ischemic attack; PSCI, post-stroke cognitive impairment; VDB, Vascular Dementia Battery;-, No reported.</p><p>Principal published studies of the prevalence of PSCI.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of A de novo silencer causes elimination of MITF-M expression and profound hearing loss in pigs

Eye morphology defects of albino pigs. Figure S2. Three family pedigrees of mapping population. Figure S3. Images showing presence of intermediate cells in the stria vascularis of albino pigs at the embryo stage. Figure S4. Results of EMSA using probe R1 and r1. Figure S5. Genotyping of Rongchang pigs for causative mutation. Figure S6. The human orthologous of the causative mutant region found in MITF  r/r pigs are formerly lack of regulatory activity. (DOCX 6667 kb

Additional file 4: Table S8. of A de novo silencer causes elimination of MITF-M expression and profound hearing loss in pigs

Co-segregated variants detected in re-sequencing and mutation screening. Table S9. Differential expressed genes between MITF  R/r and MITF  r/r stria vascularis (SVs). Table S10. Expression levels of melanocyte marker genes in porcine SVs. Table S11. Primer pairs used for screening the MITF gene, for qPCR and for mice genotyping. Table S12. Expression levels of SOX family members in porcine SVs. Table S13. Distribution of hearing loss phenotype and genotype in a large Rongchang pig population. (DOCX 55 kb

Additional file 2: Table S1. of A de novo silencer causes elimination of MITF-M expression and profound hearing loss in pigs

The goodness of fit test for Mendelian ratios of the hearing loss. Table S2. Re-annotation of porcine MITF gene in Genome of Tibet pig. Table S3. Co-segregated mutations detected in mutation screening. Table S4. Summary and mapping statistics of the pig genome re-sequencing data. (DOCX 58 kb

Additional file 3: Table S5. of A de novo silencer causes elimination of MITF-M expression and profound hearing loss in pigs

SNPs detected by re-sequencing in the associated region of Rongchang pigs. Table S6. SNPs co-segregated with hearing loss phenotype in three MITF  r/r pigs and three MITF  R/R Rongchang pigs. Table S7. SNPs uniquely detected in Rongchang pigs, and homozygous in MITF  r/r . (XLSX 465 kb