34 research outputs found
Genetic Dissection of Disease Resistance to the Blue Mold Pathogen, \u3cem\u3ePeronospora tabacina\u3c/em\u3e, in Tobacco
Tobacco blue mold, caused by the obligately biotrophic oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina D.B. Adam, is a major foliar disease that results in significant losses in tobacco-growing areas. Natural resistance to P. tabacina has not been identified in any variety of common tobacco. Complete resistance, conferred by RBM1, was found in N. debneyi and was transferred into cultivated tobacco by crossing. In the present study, we characterized the RBM1-mediated resistance to blue mold in tobacco and show that the hypersensitive response (HR) plays an important role in the host defense reactions. Genetic mapping indicated that the disease resistance gene locus resides on chromosome 7. The genetic markers linked to this gene and the genetic map we generated will not only benefit tobacco breeders for variety improvement but will also facilitate the positional cloning of RBM1 for biologists
Biochar Addition Alters C: N: P Stoichiometry in Moss Crust-Soil Continuum in GurbantĂŒnggĂŒt Desert
The biogeochemical cycling of soil elements in ecosystems has changed under global changes, including nutrients essential for plant growth. The application of biochar can improve the utilization of soil nutrients by plants and change the stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plants and soil. However, the response of ecological stoichiometry in a moss crust-soil continuum to local plant biochar addition in a desert ecosystem has not been comprehensively explored. Here, we conducted a four-level Seriphidium terrae-albae biochar addition experiment (CK, 0 t haâ1; T1, 3.185 t haâ1; T2, 6.37 t haâ1; T3, 12.74 t haâ1) to elucidate the influence of biochar input on C: N: P stoichiometry in moss crusts (surface) and their underlying soil (subsurface). The results showed that biochar addition significantly affected the C, N, and P both of moss crusts and their underlying soil (p 3âN), N: P, C: P, EC, pH, soil moisture content (SMC), and N have significant effects on the C, N, and P of moss crusts in turn. This study revealed the contribution of biochar to the nutrient cycle of desert system plants and their underlying soil from the perspective of stoichiometric characteristics, which is a supplement to the theory of plant soil nutrition in desert ecosystems
Factors related with COVID-19 vaccination willingness among outpatients in China
Background COVID-19 vaccination has been accepted widely. However, there are only a few reports on patientsâ willingness to be vaccinated. This study investigated the willingness of Chinese outpatients to accept COVID-19 vaccination as well as influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jiangsu province, China in December 2020. Self-administered questionnaires, which were distributed to 625 outpatients among secondary hospitals, addressed demographic characteristics, sociological characteristics, and subjective reasons. There were 522 (83.5%) participants who gave completely valid responses. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for willingness of COVID-19 vaccination. Results 71.5% of participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. âworried about contracting COVID-19â (49.6%) and âvaccines have just been introduced and need time to considerâ (38.9%) were the main reasons for being willing and unwilling to receive COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that âvaccines are an effective way to prevent diseasesâ (OR = 5.07, 95%CI: 3.32â7.75), âthe price you are willing to pay for non-free vaccines (yuan) (101â500 vs â€100)âł (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.16â3.02), âper capital monthly income(yuan) (>6000 vs â€3000)â(OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.03â4.41), and âself- assessed health status (Good vs Bad)âł (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.01â2.90) were the main risk factors for outpatients to be willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions The willingness of Chinese outpatients to receive COVID-19 vaccine was not high. The government should do more to increase publicity of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine thus increasing willingness to vaccinate, and provide free vaccine to eliminate the cost impact
Genetic Dissection of Disease Resistance to the Blue Mold Pathogen, Peronospora tabacina, in Tobacco
Tobacco blue mold, caused by the obligately biotrophic oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina D.B. Adam, is a major foliar disease that results in significant losses in tobacco-growing areas. Natural resistance to P. tabacina has not been identified in any variety of common tobacco. Complete resistance, conferred by RBM1, was found in N. debneyi and was transferred into cultivated tobacco by crossing. In the present study, we characterized the RBM1-mediated resistance to blue mold in tobacco and show that the hypersensitive response (HR) plays an important role in the host defense reactions. Genetic mapping indicated that the disease resistance gene locus resides on chromosome 7. The genetic markers linked to this gene and the genetic map we generated will not only benefit tobacco breeders for variety improvement but will also facilitate the positional cloning of RBM1 for biologists
Genetic Dissection of Disease Resistance to the Blue Mold Pathogen, Peronospora tabacina, in Tobacco
Tobacco blue mold, caused by the obligately biotrophic oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina D.B. Adam, is a major foliar disease that results in significant losses in tobacco-growing areas. Natural resistance to P. tabacina has not been identified in any variety of common tobacco. Complete resistance, conferred by RBM1, was found in N. debneyi and was transferred into cultivated tobacco by crossing. In the present study, we characterized the RBM1-mediated resistance to blue mold in tobacco and show that the hypersensitive response (HR) plays an important role in the host defense reactions. Genetic mapping indicated that the disease resistance gene locus resides on chromosome 7. The genetic markers linked to this gene and the genetic map we generated will not only benefit tobacco breeders for variety improvement but will also facilitate the positional cloning of RBM1 for biologists
Constructing AmorphousâCrystalline Interfacial Bifunctional Site IslandâSea Synergy by Morphology Engineering Boosts Alkaline Seawater Hydrogen Evolution
Abstract The development of efficient and durable nonâprecious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for scaling up alkaline water/seawater electrolysis is highly desirable but challenging. Amorphousâcrystalline (AâC) heterostructures have garnered attention due to their unusual atomic arrangements at heteroâinterfaces, highly exposed active sites, and excellent stability. Here, a heterogeneous synthesis strategy for constructing AâC nonâhomogeneous interfacial centers of electrocatalysts on nanocages is presented. Isolated PdCo clusters on nanoscale islands in conjunction with Co3S4 AâC, functioning as a bifunctional site âislandâseaâ synergy, enable the dynamic confinement design of metal active atoms, resulting in excellent HER catalytic activity and durability. The hierarchical structure of hollow porous nanocages and nanoclusters, along with their large surface area and multiâdimensional AâC boundaries and defects, provides the catalyst with abundant active centers. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the combination of PdCo and Co3S4 regulates the redistribution of interface electrons effectively, promoting the sluggish waterâdissociation kinetics at the cluster Co sites. Additionally, PdCoâCo3S4Â heterostructure nanocages exhibit outstanding HER activity in alkaline seawater and longâterm stability for 100Â h, which can be powered by commercial silicon solar cells. This finding significantly advances the development of alkaline seawater electrolysis for largeâscale hydrogen production
Biogenic Melanin-Modified Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst Yields Greater Bioelectrochemical Performances by Stimulating OxygenâReduction and Microbial Electron Transfer
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES)
can recover energy from
organic-bearing
waste streams, but their use has been stymied by poor electron transfer
from the cathode. Redox-active electron shuttles could stimulate electron
transfer provided that they are compatible with the exoelectrogenic
bacteria. This work evaluated melanin-modified carboxylated graphene
(M/CG) as a novel cathode catalyst in a microbial fuel cell. Biogenic
melanin catalysts (i.e., bio-M/CG) significantly increased bioelectricity
production due to its abundant pyrrole N, which lowered charge-transfer
resistance and, thus, promoted the cathodic oxygenâreduction
reaction (ORR). The high content of pyrrole N in the bio-M/CG catalyst
also enriched exoelectrogens, such as Azospirillum, Chryseobacterium, and Azoarcus, which accounted for over 50% of the total abundance of bacteria
in biofilms on the anode. Moreover, the functional genes of key enzymes
involved in microbial electron transfer (MET) were increased by the
bio-M/CG catalyst. These data confirm that the bio-M/CG catalyst improved
the bioelectrochemical performance via synergetic promotion of cathodic
ORR and microbial electron transfer, thus providing a new alternative
for advancing BES technology. This work highlights the potential application
of melanin in enhancing cathodic oxygenâreduction reaction
kinetics and improving microbial electron transfer in BES. This study
emphasizes the promising application of melanin in enhancing the ORR
kinetics and improving MET in BES, offering exciting prospects for
future sustainable and environmentally friendly applications