Table_1_LncmiRHG-MIR100HG: A new budding star in cancer.docx

MIR100HG, also known as lncRNA mir-100-let-7a-2-mir-125b-1 cluster host gene, is a new and critical regulator in cancers in recent years. MIR100HG is dysregulated in various cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role, which participates in many tumor cell biology processes and cancer-related pathways. The errant expression of MIR100HG has inspired people to investigate the function of MIR100HG and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cancers. Many studies have indicated that dysregulated expression of MIR100HG is markedly correlated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features. In this review, we will highlight the characteristics and introduce the role of MIR100HG in different cancers, and summarize the molecular mechanism, pathways, chemoresistance, and current research progress of MIR100HG in cancers. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. These updates clarify our understanding of MIR100HG in cancers, which may pave the way for the application of MIR100HG-targeting approaches in future cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.</p

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Peniisocoumarins A–J: Isocoumarins from <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, an Endophytic Fungus of the Mangrove Plant <i>Kandelia candel</i>

Ten new isocoumarins, named peniisocoumarins A–J (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>), along with three known analogues (<b>10</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus, <i>Penicillium commune</i> QQF-3, which was isolated from a fresh fruit of the mangrove plant <i>Kandelia candel.</i> Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and modified Mosher’s method, and those of <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were unusual dimeric isocoumarins with a symmetric four-membered core. These isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>13</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB). Among them, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> exhibited potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 38.1 to 78.1 μM, and compound <b>7</b> was found to inhibit MptpB with an IC₅₀ value of 20.7 μM

Microfluidic Assay To Study the Combinatorial Impact of Substrate Properties on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration

As an alternative to complex and costly in vivo models, microfluidic in vitro models are being widely used to study various physiological phenomena. It is of particular interest to study cell migration in a controlled microenvironment because of its vital role in a large number of physiological processes, such as wound healing, disease progression, and tissue regeneration. Cell migration has been shown to be affected by variations in the biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To study the combinatorial impact of the ECM physical properties on cell migration, we have developed a microfluidic assay to induce migration of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with varying combinatorial properties (hydrophobicity, stiffness, and roughness). The results show that although the initial cell adhesion and viability appear similar on all PDMS samples, the cell spreading and migration are enhanced on PDMS samples exhibiting intermediate levels of hydrophobicity, stiffness, and roughness. This study suggests that there is a particular range of substrate properties for optimal cell spreading and migration. The influence of substrate properties on hBMSC migration can help understand the physical cues that affect cell migration, which may facilitate the development of optimized engineered scaffolds with desired properties for tissue regeneration applications

Integration of TADF Photosensitizer as “Electron Pump” and BSA as “Electron Reservoir” for Boosting Type I Photodynamic Therapy

Type I photosensitization provides an effective solution to the problem of unsatisfactory photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) effects caused by the tumor hypoxia. The challenge in the development of Type I mode is to boost the photosensitizer’s own electron transfer capacity. Herein, we found that the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to encapsulate a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) photosensitizer PS can significantly promote the Type I PDT process to generate a mass of superoxide anions (O2•–). This Type I photosensitization opened a new strategy by employing BSA as “electron reservoir” and TADF photosensitizer as “electron pump”. We integrated these roles of BSA and PS in one system by preparing nanophotosensitizer PS@BSA. The Type I PDT performance was demonstrated with tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, PS@BSA took full advantage of the tumor-targeting role of BSA and achieved efficient PDT for tumor-bearing mice in the in vivo experiments. This work provides an effective route to improve the PDT efficiency of hypoxic tumors