Additional file 1 of Comparison of liver resection and radiofrequency ablation in long-term survival among patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies

Additional file 1 PRISMA checklis

Additional file 2 of Comparison of liver resection and radiofrequency ablation in long-term survival among patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies

Additional file 2 Supplementary material: Supplementary material S1: Search strategy. Supplementary material S2 NOS score for PSM studies. Supplementary material S3 Risk bias of RCTs. Supplementary material S4 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rate, disease-free survival rate, and recurrence rate. Supplementary material S5 Forest plot for sensitivity analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival. Supplementary material S6 Funnel plot for overall survival and disease-free survival. Supplementary material S7 Meta-regression. OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; RFA, radiofrequency ablation. Supplementary material S8 Subgroup analysis for OS and DFS based on modality of RF

Fluorescence micrograph of CM-Dil labeled cells.

<p>More than 95% of cells exhibited red fluorescence (A). When the labeled cells were cultured <i>in </i><i>vitro</i> again, most of the cells were able to grow while adhering to the wall (B), which indicated that the labeled cells were able to survive well.</p

Cell morphology and arrangements in different generations.

<p>(A) Primary cells show morphological diversity, and present irregular polygon, round, spindle; (B) After passage, the cells show colony-like growth and their shape gradually becomes consistent as the cell purity increases; (C) After 5 passages, the spindle cells were highly homogeneous with few cell impurities; (D) Cells of 90% confluence arranged into a spiral shape; (E) After induction with HGF and FGF-4 for 2 weeks, the cells gradually become larger and cuboidal in shape. 100x.</p

The cyst at porta hepatis.

<p>The common bile duct was ligated and the rats were maintained for 2 more weeks. Cysts were developed at the porta hepatis of all rats in the experimental groups. Internal organs such as the liver, intestine, and omentum were stained yellow as indices of cholestasis.</p

The distribution of fluorescence labeled BMSCs.

<p>The labeled cells migrated to the liver in the experimental group (A) were higher in number compared to those in the control group (B). The labeled cells were unevenly distributed and separated in different regions of the experimental groups (A). In the control group, the transplanted cells were distributed evenly throughout the field. 100x.</p

Immunofluorescence of HGF and FGF-4 induced BMSCs.

<p>The green fluorescence shows AFP expression, which is much higher in induced cells (A) than in non-induced cells (B). The red fluorescence shows CK-18 expression, which is much higher in induced cells (C) than in non-induced cells (D). The green fluorescence shows ALB expression, which is higher in induced cells (E) than non-induced cells (F). 100×.</p

Effect of butyrate on inflammatory cytokines production.

<p>Rats were subjected to total warm liver I/R injury or sham operation and pretreated with butyrate or vehicle. Liver TNF-α (A) and IL-6 (B) mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR after reperfusion. Serum TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) levels was measured by Elisa after reperfusion. Data represent means ± SD, N = 3–5 rats per group. *P<0.05 vs. the sham group, ^#P<0.05 vs. the vehicle group.</p

Effect of butyrate on MPO activity.

<p>Rats were subjected to total liver I/R injury or sham operation and pretreated with butyrate or vehicle. MPO activity in the liver was measured after reperfusion. Data represent means ± SD, N = 3–5 rats per group. *P<0.05 vs. the sham group, ^#P<0.05 vs. the vehicle group.</p

Effect of butyrate on serum endotoxin concentration.

<p>Rats were subjected to total liver I/R injury or sham operation and pretreated with butyrate or vehicle. Serum endotoxin concentration was measured by Elisa after reperfusion. Data represent means ± SD, N = 3–5 rats per group. *P<0.05 vs. the sham group, ^#P<0.05 vs. the vehicle group.</p