Image_4_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Table_2_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.DOCX

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Table_1_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.DOCX

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Image_2_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Image_3_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Table_3_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.DOCX

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

In-plane Anisotropy of Quantum Transport in Artificial Two-dimensional Au Lattices

We report an experimental observation and direct control of quantum transport in artificial two-dimensional Au lattices. Combining the advanced techniques of low-temperature deposition and newly developed double-probe scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we display a two-dimensional carrier transport and demonstrate a strong in-plane transport modulation in the two-dimensional Au lattices. In well-ordered Au lattices, we observe the carrier transport behavior manifesting as a band-like feature with an energy gap. Furthermore, controlled structural modification performed by constructing coupled “stadiums” enables a transition of system dynamics in the lattices, which in turn establishes tunable resonant transport throughout a wide energy range. Our findings open the possibility of the construction and transport engineering of artificial lattices by the geometrical arrangement of scatterers and quantum chaotic dynamics

Additional file 1: of Tuning the Surface Morphologies and Properties of ZnO Films by the Design of Interfacial Layer

Supplementary experimental data for ZnO films grown on MgO (111). Table S1. Detailed growth conditions for ZnO film samples. Figure S1. AFM results. (a)-(e) AFM images of the ZnO film surface morphologies in 5Οm; (f)-(j) magnified images of the square areas (marked by dashed black lines) in (a)-(e). Figure S2. SEM results. SEM images for ZnO films with typical particle and ridge surface morphologies. Figure S3. XRD results. XRD plots for MgO (111) substrate and films. Figure S4. PL results. Room temperature PL spectra of ZnO films. (PDF 88 kb

Costimulation of T cell response by h2IgB7-H3 and mB7-H3 while inhibition of T-cell activation by h4IgB7-H3.

<p>(A) Human T cells and mouse T cells were co-cultured with L929 transfectants or CHO transfectants (ratio 10 1) stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 mAb and soluble anti-CD28 for 72h. T cell counting was analyzed by cck-8. The data are representative for six independent experiments (B), (C) Culture supernatant was harvested after 72h and subjected to IL-2, IFN-γ measurement.(D) Expression of the IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA level in human and mouse T cells with different transfected cells. β-acin was used as the control.</p

Three-dimensional (3D) Structural models for B7-H3 proteins were proposed by homology modeling using the crystal structure of known PD-L1.

<p>(A) the model of 2IgB7-H3 (B) the model of 4IgB7-H3.</p