Effect of Tricalcium Aluminate on the Physicochemical Properties, Bioactivity, and Biocompatibility of Partially Stabilized Cements - Figure 5

<p>(A) Cytotoxicity assessment of PSC-91, PSC-73, PSC-55 and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by LDH assay according to ISO-10993 protocol standard. All tested cements on dental pulp cells were evaluated by LDH assay on 1day and 3 days. Each bar illustrated average absorbance (A490 nm) ± SD. No significant differences between PSC-91, PSC-73 and MTA (P>0.05); (B) Cell viability evaluation by WST-1 assay. Each bar illustrated average absorbance (A440 nm) ± SD.</p

The pH value and physical properties of all tested cements.

<p>(A) pH values variation of all tested cements at various time intervals. (B) The initial and final setting times of PSC-91, PSC-73, PSC-55 and MTA. (C) Compressive strength of PSC with different C3S and CSA content and MTA at 4-h, 24-h and 168-h.</p

The evaluation of biomineralization in human dental pulp cells by Alizarin Red S staining.

<p>The evaluation of biomineralization in human dental pulp cells by Alizarin Red S staining.</p

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Enhanced expressions of neurodegeneration-associated factors, UPS impairment, and excess Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus of mice with persistent cerebral toxocariasis

β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is enhanced in experimental mouse hippocampus at 20 weeks post-infection (wpi). Data are presented as the mean with SD. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate a significant difference with uninfected control mice. (TIFF 577 kb

Schematic diagrams of the preparation of PSC.

<p>ASB  =  aluminum s<i>ec</i>-butoxide; CNT  =  calcium nitrate; TOES  =  tetraethyl orthosilicate; PSC  =  partial stabilized cement.</p

SEM micrograph of the surface of specimens stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) various durations.

<p>Soaked in SBF after 1 day: (A) PSC-91 (B) PSC-73 (C) PSC-55 (D) MTA; Soaked in SBF for 7 days: (E) PSC-91 (F) PSC-73 (G) PSC-55 (H) MTA</p

XRD powder patterns of unhydrated cements and hydrated PSCs stored in D.I. water for 1, 3 and 7 day.

<p>(A) the unhydrated of PSC-91, PSC-73, and PSC-55 after calcined at 1400°C for 2 h and unhydrated MTA; (B) the hydrated patterns of PSC-91; (C) the hydrated patterns of PSC-73; (D) the hydrated patterns of PSC-55. [★ C3A; C3S; Bi₂O₃; ▪ Ca(OH)₂; ▴ CSH; • C₃AH₆].</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Enhanced expressions of neurodegeneration-associated factors, UPS impairment, and excess Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus of mice with persistent cerebral toxocariasis

Increased neurodegeneration-associated factor (NDAF) expressions in the hippocampus of Toxocara canis-infected mice at 10 days post-infection (dpi) and 20 weeks post-infection (wpi). Data are presented as the mean with SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate a significant difference with uninfected control mice. (TIFF 2795 kb