Rede +Brasil : mecanismos de governança digital na redução de irregularidades em instrumentos de transferência voluntária do governo federal

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Departamento de Gestão de Políticas Públicas, 2019.Aspectos de inovação em serviços públicos têm sido estudados no âmbito da administração pública brasileira, em termos de processos ou serviços; sendo a governança um fator chave nos contextos de organizações ou em tecnologia da informação. Realça-se a necessidade da legalidade, efetividade, eficiência, eficácia e economicidade no uso de recursos governamentais para o atingimento dos objetivos das políticas públicas. Estas requerem instrumentos adequados de acompanhamento na execução, em especial daquelas advindas das transferências voluntárias da União. No entanto, análises de governança de redes têm sido pouco utilizadas para compreender os mecanismos que atuam em uma rede de capacitação, aprimoramento de gestão e disseminação de informações, cujo objetivo central é possibilitar a boa e correta execução dos recursos transferidos pelo governo federal, a fim de alcançar os resultados desejados. Este trabalho busca compreender como os mecanismos de governança da ‘Rede +Brasil’, que atuam na disseminação dos conhecimentos para a execução de transferências voluntárias da União, por meio da ‘Plataforma +Brasil’, influenciaram na redução de inconformidades e irregularidades apuradas na aplicação dessas transferências, tendo por base processos de tomadas de contas especiais (TCEs) e estudos de órgãos de controle, tais como o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e o Ministério da Transparência e Controladoria da União (CGU). Para tanto, utilizam-se de métodos mistos, iniciando-se com pesquisa qualitativa, no intuito de perceber os aspectos de governança sob a ótica dos diversos atores: gestores do sistema, órgãos de controle, concedentes, convenentes e demais gestores. Para análise dos resultados desta primeira parte, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, tendo como plataforma de suporte alguns softwares: NVivo 12, Google Stream, Word Cloud Generator e editores de áudio. Por meio da análise qualitativa da pesquisa, foram verificados os aspectos funcionais de governança de redes e suas dimensões, na percepção de diversos atores envolvidos. Outras informações obtidas nas entrevistas contribuíram a enriquecer a compreensão em diversos aspectos do Sistema e da própria Rede. No TCU, além dos quantitativos de processos de TCEs, as irregularidades foram mapeadas e classificadas, especialmente em termos de maiores ocorrências nos montantes apurados; e, para pesquisas quantitativas, utilizou-se ferramenta de inteligência de negócios, o QlikView, para obtenção de painéis gerenciais, tanto no Sistema eTCE, como no próprio módulo Siconv e no portal Siga Brasil. As informações quantitativas obtidas possibilitaram análises em termos de evolução temporal dos recursos, tanto em termos de transferências voluntárias de instrumentos celebrados, bem como dos montantes de recursos assinalados com irregularidades. Os quantitativos de processos ou instrumentos deram uma visão da evolução desses instrumentos antes da conformação da Rede e após sua implementação. Dados do Sistema do Ministério da Economia possibilitaram averiguar a redução dos tempos nos ciclos e fases de vida desses instrumentos, com decréscimos substanciais, tanto em fase de execução como, principalmente, nas prestações de contas. Aspectos de governança em termos de institucionalização, normatização, disseminação de capacitações e informações, fluxo de documentos entre sistemas informatizados governamentais, conjuntamente à gestão da Rede trouxeram benefícios para melhor execução dos recursos.Innovation aspects in public services have been studied within the Brazilian public administration, in terms of processes or services; Governance being an important factor in organizational contexts or in information technology. The need for legality, effectiveness, efficiency, effectiveness and economy in the use of government resources to achieve public policy objectives is highlighted. These require appropriate monitoring tools for implementation, in particular those arising from voluntary Union transfers. However, network governance analyzes have been little used to understand the mechanisms that act in a Training, Management Improvement and Information Dissemination Network, whose main objective is to enable the proper and correct execution of the resources transferred by the federal government, in order to achieve the desired results. This paper seeks to understand how the governance mechanisms of ‘Rede +Brasil’ (+Brazil Network), that act in the dissemination of the knowledge for the execution of voluntary Union transfers, through the ‘Plataforma +Brasil’ (+Brazil Platform), influenced the reduction of nonconformities and irregularities found in the application of these transfers, based on special accounting processes (TCEs) and studies of control bodies, such as the Federal Court of Audit (TCU) and the Ministry of Transparency and Comptroller of the Union (CGU). Therefore, mixed methods were used, starting with qualitative research, in order to understand the governance aspects from the perspective of the various interviewees: system managers, control bodies, grantors, conveners and other managers. To analyze the results of this first part, the content analysis technique, having as support platform some software: NVivo 12, Google Stream, Word Cloud Generator and audio editors were used. Through the analysis of the qualitative of the research, the functional aspects of governance of networks and their dimensions were verified, from the perspective of several actors involved. Other information obtained from the interviews contribute to enrich understanding in various aspects of the System and the Network itself. In TCU, in addition to the number of TCE processes, irregularities were mapped and classified, especially in terms of higher occurrences in the amounts determined; and for quantitative research, were used business intelligence tool, QlikView, to obtain management panels, both in the eTCE System, in the Siconv module itself and in the ‘Siga Brasil’ portal. The quantitative information obtained made it possible to analyze the evolution of resources over time, both in terms of voluntary transfers of concluded instruments, as well as the amounts of resources marked with irregularities. Quantitative processes or instruments gave insight into the evolution of these instruments before the Network was formed and after its implementation. Data from the Ministry of Economy System made it possible to verify the reduction of the times in the cycles and life stages of these instruments, with substantial decreases, both in the execution phase and, mainly, in the rendering of accounts. Governance aspects in terms of institutionalization, standardization, dissemination of skills and information, document flow between government computerized systems, together with the management of the Network have brought benefits for the best execution of resources

THE EARLY-MIDDLE PALEOZOIC VOLCANISM AND GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF THE HERLEN MASSIF, CENTRAL PART OF THE CAOB: CONSTRAINS FROM GEOCHEMISTRY, U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY, LU-HF AND RB-SR ISOTOPES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS

Mongolia lies in the central part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt [Mossakovsky et al., 1994; Zorin, 1999; Jahn, 2004; Khain et al., 2003; Badarch et al., 2002; Windley et al., 2007; Zhang et al, 2008], or Altaids [Şengör et al., 1993; Şengör, Natal’in, 1996; Wilhem et al., 2012], which is fringed by the Siberian craton in the north and by the Tarim and Sino-Korean Cratons in the south. According to the recent tectonic subdivision, the territory of Mongolia is subdivided into Northern and Southern domains which are separated by the so called Mid Mongolian Tectonic Line [Tomurtogoo, 2012]. The Herlen Massif is one of the important tectonic units of the South Mongolian domain in the Argun-Idermeg super terrane extending through the territories of Russia and China [Parfenov et al., 2009; Tomurtogoo, 2014b]. The Herlen massif, also known as Herlen superterrane [Tomurtogoo, 2012] or Idermeg terrane [Tomurtogoo, 2014a] is composed of Ereendavaa, Undur-Khaan, Idermeg and Gobian Altay-Baruun Urt terranes converged at the end of the Cambrianbeginning of the Ordovician [Badarch et al., 2002; Tomurtogoo, 2014b].Mongolia lies in the central part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt [Mossakovsky et al., 1994; Zorin, 1999; Jahn, 2004; Khain et al., 2003; Badarch et al., 2002; Windley et al., 2007; Zhang et al, 2008], or Altaids [Şengör et al., 1993; Şengör, Natal’in, 1996; Wilhem et al., 2012], which is fringed by the Siberian craton in the north and by the Tarim and Sino-Korean Cratons in the south. According to the recent tectonic subdivision, the territory of Mongolia is subdivided into Northern and Southern domains which are separated by the so called Mid Mongolian Tectonic Line [Tomurtogoo, 2012]. The Herlen Massif is one of the important tectonic units of the South Mongolian domain in the Argun-Idermeg super terrane extending through the territories of Russia and China [Parfenov et al., 2009; Tomurtogoo, 2014b]. The Herlen massif, also known as Herlen superterrane [Tomurtogoo, 2012] or Idermeg terrane [Tomurtogoo, 2014a] is composed of Ereendavaa, Undur-Khaan, Idermeg and Gobian Altay-Baruun Urt terranes converged at the end of the Cambrianbeginning of the Ordovician [Badarch et al., 2002; Tomurtogoo, 2014b]

Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Shortens Telomere Length in Children

Introduction: Preliminary evidence suggests a possible association between prenatal tobacco exposure and telomere length in children. This study was conducted to investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with telomere shortening in their children and whether prenatal and childhood exposure to environmental tobacco had any impact on this association. Methods: This is a population-representative study on the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and telomere length in children. Ninety-eight Hong Kong Chinese children aged under 15 years with prenatal tobacco exposure and 98 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited from a population health study with stratified random sampling. Results: Telomere length in children with prenatal tobacco exposure was significantly shorter than in those with no exposure (mean T/S ratio = 24.9 [SD = 8.58] in exposed vs. 28.97 [14.15] in control groups; P = 0.02). A negative dose-response relationship was observed between the T/S ratio and tobacco exposure duration: the longer the duration of maternal smoking in pregnancy, the shorter the child's telomere length. The association between the child's telomere length and prenatal tobacco exposure remained significant after considering the influence of family socioeconomic status and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy and childhood. Conclusions: Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with telomere shortening in children. As this may impose significant health impacts through fetal genetic programming, more efforts should be made to reduce fetal tobacco exposure by educating pregnant women to not smoke and motivating smokers to quit in early pregnancy. Implications: As reflected by telomere shortening, prenatal tobacco exposure in children can cause premature aging and increased health risks, which we suggest is entirely preventable. Not smoking during pregnancy or quitting smoking is critical to improving the health outcome of our future generations as prenatal tobacco exposure may affect children's biological programming. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.postprin

Shugoshin1 May Play Important Roles in Separation of Homologous Chromosomes and Sister Chromatids during Mouse Oocyte Meiosis

Background: Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I and sister chromatids separate in meiosis II, generating haploid gametes. To address the question why sister chromatids do not separate in meiosis I, we explored the roles of Shogoshin1 (Sgo1) in chromosome separation during oocyte meiosis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Sgo1 function was evaluated by exogenous overexpression to enhance its roles and RNAi to suppress its roles during two meioses of mouse oocytes. Immunocytochemistry and chromosome spread were used to evaluate phenotypes. The exogenous Sgo1 overexpression kept homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids not to separate in meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively, while the Sgo1 RNAi promoted premature separation of sister chromatids. Conclusions: Our results reveal that prevention of premature separation of sister chromatids in meiosis I requires th

Mapping Dynamic Histone Acetylation Patterns to Gene Expression in Nanog-depleted Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the potential to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate into any of the three germ layers. The molecular mechanisms for self-renewal, maintenance of pluripotency and lineage specification are poorly understood, but recent results point to a key role for epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we focus on quantifying the impact of histone 3 acetylation (H3K9,14ac) on gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells. We analyze genome-wide histone acetylation patterns and gene expression profiles measured over the first five days of cell differentiation triggered by silencing Nanog, a key transcription factor in ESC regulation. We explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of histone acetylation data and its correlation with gene expression using supervised and unsupervised statistical models. On a genome-wide scale, changes in acetylation are significantly correlated to changes in mRNA expression and, surprisingly, this coherence increases over time. We quantify the predictive power of histone acetylation for gene expression changes in a balanced cross-validation procedure. In an in-depth study we focus on genes central to the regulatory network of Mouse ESC, including those identified in a recent genome-wide RNAi screen and in the PluriNet, a computationally derived stem cell signature. We find that compared to the rest of the genome, ESC-specific genes show significantly more acetylation signal and a much stronger decrease in acetylation over time, which is often not reflected in an concordant expression change. These results shed light on the complexity of the relationship between histone acetylation and gene expression and are a step forward to dissect the multilayer regulatory mechanisms that determine stem cell fate.Comment: accepted at PLoS Computational Biolog

Soft Substrates Promote Homogeneous Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells via Downregulating Cell-Matrix Tractions

Maintaining undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture has been a major challenge as mESCs cultured in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) conditions exhibit spontaneous differentiation, fluctuating expression of pluripotency genes, and genes of specialized cells. Here we show that, in sharp contrast to the mESCs seeded on the conventional rigid substrates, the mESCs cultured on the soft substrates that match the intrinsic stiffness of the mESCs and in the absence of exogenous LIF for 5 days, surprisingly still generated homogeneous undifferentiated colonies, maintained high levels of Oct3/4, Nanog, and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activities, and formed embryoid bodies and teratomas efficiently. A different line of mESCs, cultured on the soft substrates without exogenous LIF, maintained the capacity of generating homogeneous undifferentiated colonies with relatively high levels of Oct3/4 and AP activities, up to at least 15 passages, suggesting that this soft substrate approach applies to long term culture of different mESC lines. mESC colonies on these soft substrates without LIF generated low cell-matrix tractions and low stiffness. Both tractions and stiffness of the colonies increased with substrate stiffness, accompanied by downregulation of Oct3/4 expression. Our findings demonstrate that mESC self-renewal and pluripotency can be maintained homogeneously on soft substrates via the biophysical mechanism of facilitating generation of low cell-matrix tractions

Evidence for handheld electronic medical records in improving care: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Handheld electronic medical records are expected to improve physician performance and patient care. To confirm this, we performed a systematic review of the evidence assessing the effects of handheld electronic medical records on clinical care. METHODS: To conduct the systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library from 1966 through September 2005. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated effects on practitioner performance or patient outcomes of handheld electronic medical records compared to either paper medical records or desktop electronic medical records. Two reviewers independently reviewed citations, assessed full text articles and abstracted data from the studies. RESULTS: Two studies met our inclusion criteria. No other randomized controlled studies or non-randomized controlled trials were found that met our inclusion criteria. Both studies were methodologically strong. The studies examined changes in documentation in orthopedic patients with handheld electronic medical records compared to paper charts, and both found an increase in documentation. Other effects noted with handheld electronic medical records were an increase in time to document and an increase in wrong or redundant diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Handheld electronic medical records may improve documentation, but as yet, the number of studies is small and the data is restricted to one group of patients and a small group of practitioners. Further study is required to determine the benefits with handheld electronic medical records especially in assessing clinical outcomes

Virus-free induction of pluripotency and subsequent excision of reprogramming factors

Reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency, thereby creating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, promises to transform regenerative medicine. Most instances of direct reprogramming have been achieved by forced expression of defined factors using multiple viral vectors1-7. However, such iPS cells contain a large number of viral vector integrations1,8, any one of which could cause unpredictable genetic dysfunction. While c-Myc is dispensable for reprogramming9,10, complete elimination of the other exogenous factors is also desired since ectopic expression of either Oct4 or Klf4 can induce dysplasia11,12. Two transient transfection reprogramming methods have been published to address this issue13,14. However, the efficiency of either approach is extremely low, and neither has thus far been applied successfully to human cells. Here we show that non-viral transfection of a single multiprotein expression vector, which comprises the coding sequences of c-Myc​,​ Klf4​,​ Oct4 and Sox2 linked with 2A peptides, can reprogram both mouse and human fibroblasts. Moreover, the transgene can be removed once reprogramming has been achieved. iPS cells produced with this non-viral vector show robust expression of pluripotency markers, indicating a reprogrammed state confirmed functionally by in vitro differentiation assays and formation of adult chimeric mice. When the single vector reprogramming system was combined with a piggyBac transposon15,16 we succeeded in establishing reprogrammed human cell lines from embryonic fibroblasts with robust expression of pluripotency markers. This system minimizes genome modification in iPS cells and enables complete elimination of exogenous reprogramming factors, efficiently providing iPS cells that are applicable to regenerative medicine, drug screening and the establishment of disease models

The Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Uniporter: Structure, Function, and Pharmacology.

Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is crucial for an array of cellular functions while an imbalance can elicit cell death. In this chapter, we briefly reviewed the various modes of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and our current understanding of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis in regards to cell physiology and pathophysiology. Further, this chapter focuses on the molecular identities, intracellular regulators as well as the pharmacology of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter complex

Activated mammalian target of rapamycin is a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in cellular growth and homeostasis. The purpose of our present study is to investigate the expression of activated mTOR (p-mTOR) in gastric cancer patients, their prognostic significance and the inhibition effect of RAD001 on tumor growth and to determine whether targeted inhibition of mTOR could be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of p-mTOR was detected in specimens of 181 gastric cancers who underwent radical resection (R0) by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of p-mTOR expression to clinicopathologic features and survival of gastric cancer was studied. We also determined the inhibition effect of RAD001 on tumor growth using BGC823 and AGS human gastric cancer cell lines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunostaining for p-mTOR was positive in 93 of 181 (51.4%) gastric cancers, closely correlated with lymph node status and pTNM stage. Patients with p-mTOR positive showed significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than those with p-mTOR-negative tumors in univariable analyses, and there was a trend toward a correlation between p-mTOR expression and survival in multivariable analyses. RAD001 markedly inhibited dose-dependently proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells by down-regulating expression of p70s6k, p-p70s6k, C-myc, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, up-regulating expression of P53.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In gastric cancer, p-mTOR is a potential therapeutic target and RAD001 was a promising treatment agent with inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by down-regulating expression of C-myc, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, up-regulating expression of P53.</p