Designing computer-based rewards with and for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability Computers in Human Behavior

<p>The acupuncture induced increased functional connectivity for the AD patients (t = 1.61, p = 0.056). There was no significant difference for healthy controls (t = 0.403,p = 0.345).</p

In extreme conditions, stay in the zone

<p>The left thalamus, MFG and insula showed increased connectivity to right hippocampus in controls after acupuncture. Left in picture is left in the brain. The color scale represents t values.</p

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.</p

PRISMA flow diagram.

Many forms of childhood glaucoma have been associated with underlying genetic changes, and variants in many genes have been described. Currently, testing is variable as there are no widely accepted guidelines for testing. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature describing genetic changes and testing practices in childhood glaucoma. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and registered with Prospero (ID CRD42023400467). A comprehensive review of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed from inception through March 2, 2023 using the search terms: (glaucoma) AND (pediatric OR childhood OR congenital OR child OR infant OR infantile) AND (gene OR genetic OR genotype OR locus OR genomic OR mutation OR variant OR test OR screen OR panel). Information was extracted regarding genetic variants including genotype-phenotype correlation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 1,916 records screened, 196 studies met inclusion criteria and 53 genes were discussed. Among study populations, mean age±SD at glaucoma diagnosis was 8.94±9.54 years and 50.4% were male. The most common gene discussed was CYP1B1, evaluated in 109 (55.6%) studies. CYP1B1 variants were associated with region and population-specific prevalence ranging from 5% to 86% among those with primary congenital glaucoma. MYOC variants were discussed in 31 (15.8%) studies with prevalence up to 36% among patients with juvenile open angle glaucoma. FOXC1 variants were discussed in 25 (12.8%) studies, which demonstrated phenotypic severity dependent on degree of gene expression and type of mutation. Overall risk of bias was low; the most common domains of bias were selection and comparability. Numerous genes and genetic changes have been associated with childhood glaucoma. Understanding the most common genes as well as potential genotype-phenotype correlation has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes for children with glaucoma.</div

Complete extracted characteristics from included studies.

Complete extracted characteristics from included studies.</p

Nuclear genes associated with childhood glaucoma in published literature.

Nuclear genes associated with childhood glaucoma in published literature.</p

Prospero protocol.

Many forms of childhood glaucoma have been associated with underlying genetic changes, and variants in many genes have been described. Currently, testing is variable as there are no widely accepted guidelines for testing. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature describing genetic changes and testing practices in childhood glaucoma. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and registered with Prospero (ID CRD42023400467). A comprehensive review of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed from inception through March 2, 2023 using the search terms: (glaucoma) AND (pediatric OR childhood OR congenital OR child OR infant OR infantile) AND (gene OR genetic OR genotype OR locus OR genomic OR mutation OR variant OR test OR screen OR panel). Information was extracted regarding genetic variants including genotype-phenotype correlation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 1,916 records screened, 196 studies met inclusion criteria and 53 genes were discussed. Among study populations, mean age±SD at glaucoma diagnosis was 8.94±9.54 years and 50.4% were male. The most common gene discussed was CYP1B1, evaluated in 109 (55.6%) studies. CYP1B1 variants were associated with region and population-specific prevalence ranging from 5% to 86% among those with primary congenital glaucoma. MYOC variants were discussed in 31 (15.8%) studies with prevalence up to 36% among patients with juvenile open angle glaucoma. FOXC1 variants were discussed in 25 (12.8%) studies, which demonstrated phenotypic severity dependent on degree of gene expression and type of mutation. Overall risk of bias was low; the most common domains of bias were selection and comparability. Numerous genes and genetic changes have been associated with childhood glaucoma. Understanding the most common genes as well as potential genotype-phenotype correlation has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes for children with glaucoma.</div

Guest-dependent complexation of triptycene-derived macrotricyclic host containing one anthracene moiety with paraquat derivatives: construction of [2]rotaxanes

<div><p>Complexation between the triptycene-derived macrotricyclic polyether containing an anthracene unit and paraquat derivatives in both solution and solid state was investigated. It was found that the macrotricyclic host with multi-cavity structure could form a series of [2]pseudorotaxanes with different terminal functionalised paraquat derivatives in different threading modes, which subsequently resulted in the construction of two novel [2]rotaxanes.</p></div

Convenient Synthesis of Triphenylphosphanylidene Spiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indolines] and Spiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,3′-indolines] via Three-Component Reactions

Three-component reactions of triphenyl­phosphine, but-2-ynedioate, and isatylidene malononitrile (ethyl cyanoacetate) in dimethoxyethane resulted in triphenyl­phos­phanyli­dene spiro­[cyclo­pentane-1,3′-indolines] in satisfactory yields. Furthermore, similar three-component reactions of triphenylphosphine, hex-2-en-4-ynedioate, and isatylidene malononitrile (ethyl cyanoacetate) afforded functionalized spiro­[cyclo­pent[2]­ene-1,3′-indolines] in good yields

Correction to “Convenient Synthesis of Triphenylphosphanylidene Spiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indolines] and Spiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,3′-indolines] via Three-Component Reactions”

Correction to “Convenient Synthesis of Triphenylphosphanylidene Spiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indolines] and Spiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,3′-indolines] via Three-Component Reactions