Algorithm 1.

<p>Algorithm 1.</p

Overview of network dynamics of the Doublets net.

<p>Six out of the 20 evolving networks with respect to letter length in the Doublets net are exhibited in six panels. From the nearly complete connectivity in the 3-letter network to having a single large giant clique in 4- and 5-letter networks, to a relatively small clique in the 7-letter network, and then becoming complete scattering in 11- and 15-letter networks.</p

Path length and degree distributions.

<p>Histogram of path length of the 4-letter giant clique given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114177#pone-0114177-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a> (c) (a) and its histogram of degree (b).</p

Degree vs. word type for 4-letter words.

<p>Degree vs. word type for 4-letter words.</p

The community geometry of the largest clique in the 8-letter network.

<p>The community geometry of the largest clique in the 8-letter network is shown for only two scale values. The merging process starts from 8 core communities on the left panel and then 3 communities on the right panel.</p

Local to global views of the 4-letter word network.

<p>Typical patterns of network connectivity from the view of a node to its immediate neighbors (a), and the view to its two step neighbors (b), and the overall view of the whole network (c).</p

Words in the second largest component in the 8-letter network.

<p>Words in the second largest component in the 8-letter network.</p

The community geometry of the second largest clique in the 8-letter network.

<p>Four scale values are used to bring out the community geometry of the second largest clique in the 8-letter network. The merging process starts from 5 core communities, and then 4, 3 and 2 on the four panels.</p

High betweenness and edge type.

<p>Prevalence of functionally different edges in the top 5% in terms of high betweenness, compared to random baseline numbers (in parentheses).</p><p>High betweenness and edge type.</p

Global information of the Doublets net.

<p>The trajectories of word count (a) and percentages of largest clique (b) with respect to letter length exhibit the effects of selection forces on English words as reflected in the Doublets net.</p