Contributions to the Knowledge of the Myrmecophilous Pselaphines (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from China. IX. a Redefinition of the Genus Anaclasiger, with a Description of a Second Species Associated with Prenolepis sphingthoraxa (Hymenoptera

The genus Anaclasiger Raffray is redefined and its taxonomic placement briefly discussed, based on the discovery of a second species of the genus, A. zhudaiae sp. n., collected in association with the ant Prenolepis sphingthoraxa from South China. The new species is described and illustrated. An identification key to species of Anaclasiger is provided

Alignment is not sufficient to prevent large language models from generating harmful information: A psychoanalytic perspective

Large Language Models (LLMs) are central to a multitude of applications but struggle with significant risks, notably in generating harmful content and biases. Drawing an analogy to the human psyche's conflict between evolutionary survival instincts and societal norm adherence elucidated in Freud's psychoanalysis theory, we argue that LLMs suffer a similar fundamental conflict, arising between their inherent desire for syntactic and semantic continuity, established during the pre-training phase, and the post-training alignment with human values. This conflict renders LLMs vulnerable to adversarial attacks, wherein intensifying the models' desire for continuity can circumvent alignment efforts, resulting in the generation of harmful information. Through a series of experiments, we first validated the existence of the desire for continuity in LLMs, and further devised a straightforward yet powerful technique, such as incomplete sentences, negative priming, and cognitive dissonance scenarios, to demonstrate that even advanced LLMs struggle to prevent the generation of harmful information. In summary, our study uncovers the root of LLMs' vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks, hereby questioning the efficacy of solely relying on sophisticated alignment methods, and further advocates for a new training idea that integrates modal concepts alongside traditional amodal concepts, aiming to endow LLMs with a more nuanced understanding of real-world contexts and ethical considerations

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AABD9D82-919C-4A22-96FC-3C4EFBE18846

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The genus Pseudophanias Raffray (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Nanling Priority Area for Biodiversity Conservation, China

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters

Rotating Quark-Gluon Plasma in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the rotational collective motion of the quark-gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions using the widely-adopted AMPT (A Multi-Phase Transport) model. The global angular momentum, the average vorticity carried by the quark-gluon plasma, and the locally defined vorticity fields are computed for Au+Au collisions, with detailed information of their time evolution, spatial distribution, as well as the dependence on beam energy and collision centrality

Transitional fossils illuminate early evolution of the ant-like stone beetle tribe Leptomastacini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

<p>The ant-like stone beetle supertribe Mastigitae (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) comprises nine extant and five extinct genera that exhibit unusual morphological specializations and ecological adaptions. Recent discoveries of mastigite fossils from Upper Cretaceous–middle Eocene deposits have significantly improved our knowledge of the evolutionary history of this group, yet a direct fossil record for two modern tribes of unclear affinities, i.e. Leptomastacini and Papusini, is lacking. Herein we describe a new genus and species, †<i>Archemastax divida</i> gen. et sp. nov., based on two well-preserved individuals entombed in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (<i>c</i>. 99 Ma), representing the earliest known representative of Leptomastacini. †<i>Archemastax</i> possesses both plesiomorphic and derived characters, with a few important traits shared with extant members of Papusini and Clidicini. A data set of 70 morphological characters scored for 29 species of Mastigitae was analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference; both analyses recovered a sister relationship between †<i>Archemastax</i> and extant leptomastacines. However, in the former analysis Leptomastacini was recovered as sister to the remaining Mastigitae, while the latter indicated an origin of Leptomastacini from within Clidicini. Although a close affinity between †<i>Archemastax</i> and Papusini was not supported by our analyses, similarities in some shared characters of these two groups are discussed.</p> <p><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB17DF86-25FC-48B5-8AFB-1DB27328280F" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB17DF86-25FC-48B5-8AFB-1DB27328280F</a></p

2-(2-Methoxy­phen­yl)butane­dinitrile

In the title compound, C11H10N2O, the butane­dinitrile unit adopts a synclinal conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding