3,810 research outputs found
Lorentz Invariance in Chiral Kinetic Theory
We show that Lorentz invariance is realized nontrivially in the classical
action of a massless spin- particle with definite helicity. We find
that the ordinary Lorentz transformation is modified by a shift orthogonal to
the boost vector and the particle momentum. The shift ensures angular momentum
conservation in particle collisions and implies a nonlocality of the collision
term in the Lorentz-invariant kinetic theory due to side jumps. We show that
2/3 of the chiral-vortical effect for a uniformly rotating particle
distribution can be attributed to the magnetic moment coupling required by the
Lorentz invariance. We also show how the classical action can be obtained by
taking the classical limit of the path integral for a Weyl particle.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Tunneling Qubit Operation on a Protected Josephson Junction Array
We discuss a protected quantum computation process based on a hexagon
Josephson junction array. Qubits are encoded in the punctured array, which is
topologically protected. The degeneracy is related to the number of holes. The
topological degeneracy is lightly shifted by tuning the flux through specific
hexagons. We also show how to perform single qubit operation and basic quantum
gate operations in this system.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. The published version in Phys. Rev.,
A81(2010)01232
Quantum correlations in a cluster-like system
We discuss a cluster-like 1D system with triplet interaction. We study the
topological properties of this system. We find that the degeneracy depends on
the topology of the system, and well protected against external local
perturbations. All these facts show that the system is topologically ordered.
We also find a string order parameter to characterize the quantum phase
transition. Besides, we investigate two-site correlations including
entanglement, quantum discord and mutual information. We study the different
divergency behaviour of the correlations. The quantum correlation decays
exponentially in both topological and magnetic phases, and diverges in reversed
power law at the critical point. And we find that in TQPT systems, the global
difference of topology induced by dimension can be reflected in local quantum
correlations.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Detection of fossil fuel emission trends in the presence of natural carbon cycle variability
Atmospheric CO₂ observations have the potential to monitor regional fossil fuel emission (FFCO₂) changes to support carbon mitigation efforts such as the Paris Accord, but they must contend with the confounding impacts of the natural carbon cycle. Here, we quantify trend detection time and magnitude in gridded total CO₂ fluxes—the sum of FFCO₂ and natural carbon fluxes—under an idealized assumption that monthly total CO₂ fluxes can be perfectly resolved at a 2°×2° resolution. Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) 'business-as-usual' emission scenarios to represent FFCO₂ and simulated net biome exchange (NBE) to represent natural carbon fluxes, we find that trend detection time for the total CO₂ fluxes at such a resolution has a median of 10 years across the globe, with significant spatial variability depending on FFCO₂ magnitude and NBE variability. Differences between trends in the total CO₂ fluxes and the underlying FFCO₂ component highlight the role of natural carbon cycle variability in modulating regional detection of FFCO₂ emission trends using CO₂ observations alone, particularly in the tropics and subtropics where mega-cities with large populations are developing rapidly. Using CO₂ estimates alone at such a spatiotemporal resolution can only quantify fossil fuel trends in a few places—mostly limited to arid regions. For instance, in the Middle East, FFCO₂ can explain more than 75% of the total CO₂ trends in ~70% of the grids, but only ~20% of grids in China can meet such criteria. Only a third of the 25 megacities we analyze here show total CO₂ trends that are primarily explained (>75%) by FFCO₂. Our analysis provides a theoretical baseline at a global scale for the design of regional FFCO₂ monitoring networks and underscores the importance of estimating biospheric interannual variability to improve the accuracy of FFCO₂ trend monitoring. We envision that this can be achieved with a fully integrated carbon cycle assimilation system with explicit constraints on FFCO₂ and NBE, respectively
Kinetic frustration and the nature of the magnetic and paramagnetic states in iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides
The iron pnictide and chalcogenide compounds are a subject of intensive
investigations due to their high temperature superconductivity.\cite{a-LaFeAsO}
They all share the same structure, but there is significant variation in their
physical properties, such as magnetic ordered moments, effective masses,
superconducting gaps and T. Many theoretical techniques have been applied
to individual compounds but no consistent description of the trends is
available \cite{np-review}. We carry out a comparative theoretical study of a
large number of iron-based compounds in both their magnetic and paramagnetic
states. We show that the nature of both states is well described by our method
and the trends in all the calculated physical properties such as the ordered
moments, effective masses and Fermi surfaces are in good agreement with
experiments across the compounds. The variation of these properties can be
traced to variations in the key structural parameters, rather than changes in
the screening of the Coulomb interactions. Our results provide a natural
explanation of the strongly Fermi surface dependent superconducting gaps
observed in experiments\cite{Ding}. We propose a specific optimization of the
crystal structure to look for higher T superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures with a 5-page supplementary materia
A Holographic View on Matrix Model of Black Hole
We investigate a deformed matrix model proposed by Kazakov et.al. in relation
to Witten's two-dimensional black hole. The existing conjectures assert the
equivalence of the two by mapping each to a deformed c=1 theory called the
sine-Liouville theory. We point out that the matrix theory in question may be
naturally interpreted as a gauged quantum mechanics deformed by insertion of an
exponentiated Wilson loop operator, which gives us more direct and holographic
map between the two sides. The matrix model in the usual scaling limit must
correspond to the bosonic SL(2,R)/U(1) theory in genus expansion but exact in
\alpha'. We successfully test this by computing the Wilson loop expectation
value and comparing it against the bulk computation. For the latter, we employ
the \alpha'-exact geometry proposed by Dijkgraaf, Verlinde, and Verlinde, which
was further advocated by Tseytlin. We close with comments on open problems.Comment: LaTeX, 19 page
Design and Implementation of an Aspirational Ethics Laboratory Course
This paper describes a laboratory course designed to enhance education in a traditional mechanical engineering laboratory focused on controls and instrumentation. The laboratory course and specific modules are part of a broader effort to enhance the mechanical engineering laboratory curriculum with modern pedagogical methods, incorporate ethics through the curriculum, and improve student outcomes.
The laboratory course was designed to inspire a heightened awareness of engineering ethics in addition to traditional controls.A new module has been added that applies the conventional topic of Programmable Logic Controllers in the context of controlling the breathing of an artificial lung.
To assess the laboratory’s success a survey was developed for students interacting with the new module. Results indicate the new laboratory experiment has been very successful in improving student awareness of the ethical charge engineers have to perform quality work
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Multi-OMICs and Genome Editing Perspectives on Liver Cancer Signaling Networks
The advent of the human genome sequence and the resulting ~20,000 genes provide a crucial framework for a transition from traditional biology to an integrative “OMICs” arena (Lander et al., 2001; Venter et al., 2001; Kitano, 2002). This brings in a revolution for cancer research, which now enters a big data era. In the past decade, with the facilitation by next-generation sequencing, there have been a huge number of large-scale sequencing efforts, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the HapMap, and the 1000 genomes project. As a result, a deluge of genomic information becomes available from patients stricken by a variety of cancer types. The list of cancer-associated genes is ever expanding. New discoveries are made on how frequent and highly penetrant mutations, such as those in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and TP53, function in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Most genes with relatively frequent but weakly penetrant cancer mutations still remain to be characterized. In addition, genes that harbor rare but highly penetrant cancer-associated mutations continue to emerge. Here, we review recent advances related to cancer genomics, proteomics, and systems biology and suggest new perspectives in targeted therapy and precision medicine
Excitation of superconducting qubits from hot non-equilibrium quasiparticles
Superconducting qubits probe environmental defects such as non-equilibrium
quasiparticles, an important source of decoherence. We show that "hot"
non-equilibrium quasiparticles, with energies above the superconducting gap,
affect qubits differently from quasiparticles at the gap, implying qubits can
probe the dynamic quasiparticle energy distribution. For hot quasiparticles, we
predict a non-neligable increase in the qubit excited state probability P_e. By
injecting hot quasiparticles into a qubit, we experimentally measure an
increase of P_e in semi-quantitative agreement with the model and rule out the
typically assumed thermal distribution.Comment: Main paper: 5 pages, 5 figures. Supplement: 1 page, 1 figure, 1
table. Updated to user-prepared accepted version. Key changes: Supplement
added, Introduction rewritten, Figs.2,3,5 revised, Fig.4 adde
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