The consistency test on the cosmic evolution

We propose a new and robust method to test the consistency of the cosmic evolution given by a cosmological model. It is realized by comparing the combined quantity r_d^CMB/D_V^SN, which is derived from the comoving sound horizon r_d from cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements and the effective distance D_V derived from low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data, with direct and independent r_d/D_V obtained by baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements at median redshifts. We apply this test method for the Lambda-CDM and wCDM models, and investigate the consistency of the derived value of r_d/D_V from Planck 2015 and the SN Ia data sets of Union2.1 and JLA (z<1.5), and the r_d/D_V directly given by BAO data from six-degree-field galaxy survey (6dFGS), Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 Main Galaxy Survey (SDSS-DR7 MGS), DR11 of SDSS-III, WiggleZ and Ly-alpha forecast surveys from Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Data (BOSS) DR-11 over 0.1<z<2.36. We find that r_d^CMB/D_V^SN for both non-flat Lambda-CDM and flat wCDM models with Union2.1 and JLA data are well consistent with the BAO and CMB measurements within 1-sigma CL. Future surveys will further tight up the constraints significantly, and provide stronger test on the consistency.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Version accepted by PR

Combined finite element and multi-body dynamics analysis of effects of hydraulic cylinder movement on ploughshare of horizontally reversible plough

Abstract: Hydraulic Cylinder (HC), one of the key components of Horizontally Reversible Plough (HRP), takes the responsibilities for the commuting soiltillage of HRP. The dynamic behaviors of HC surely affectthe tilling performances of HRP. Based on our previously related work, this paper further addresses the effects of HC movements during tillage on ploughshare, especially at share-point, of HRP. For HC, uniform motion was considered in this study. A combined finite element and multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) was implemented to assess both tillage kinematics and kinetics of the ploughshare. These numerical predictions were primarily involved in five different HC movement velocities and two actual HRP tilling scenarios, respectively, where loading data due to the HC movements were obtained from an MDA and applied to load a finite element modal of the ploughshare. Our results show that the importance of performing MDA as a preliminary step FEA to obtain an insight into the actual stress and strain variations at the share-point. Our findings demonstrate that the different movements of HC have no adverse effects on the service life of the ploughshare though they result in the maximum stress and strain at the sharepoint during HRP tillage

Interface control of ferroelectricity in LaNiO3-BaTiO3 superlattices

LaNiO$_{3}$-BaTiO$_{3}$ superlattices with different types of interfaces are studied from first-principles density-functional theory. It is revealed that the ferroelectricity in the superlattice with (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interfaces is enhanced from that of the superlattice with (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interfaces. The origin lies at the polar discontinuity at the interface, which makes the holes localized within the (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interface, but drives a penetration of electrons into BaTiO$_3$ component near (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interface. Our calculations demonstrate an effective avenue to the robust ferroelectricity in BaTiO$_3$ ultrathin films.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Effects of concurrent treatment with amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets and fluoxetine hydrochloride on therapeutic indicator levels in patients with depression

Purpose: To investigate the effects of combined treatment of amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets and fluoxetine hydrochloride on therapeutic indicator levels in depressive patients.Methods: Patients with depression (n = 104) were divided into control group and study group (52 cases each) using random number table method. Control group was treated with oral fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH) tablets only, while the study group received amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets, in addition to fluoxetine hydrochloride tablets. Both treatments lasted 3 months. Clinical effects and thyroid function indices were determined and compared for the two groups.Results: Treatment effectiveness in the study group (92.3 %) was markedly higher than that in control group (75.0 %, p &lt; 0.05). In both groups, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Table scores significantly decreased post-treatment (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, there was significant increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the two groups. In both groups, T3 and T4 significantly decreased while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). Thyroid function in the study group was markedly higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Combination treatment with amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets and FH is more effective than FH alone in the treatment of patients with depression. The combined treatment has a high degree of safety and is recommended for clinical application.Keywords: Amitriptyline hydrochloride, Fluoxetine hydrochloride, Depression, PSQI score, HAMD-17 score, HAMA score, GABA, 5-H