Result Publication of Chinese Trials in World Health Organization Primary Registries

Result publication is the key step to improve the transparency of clinical trials.To investigate the result publication rate of Chinese trials registered in World Health Organization (WHO) primary registries.We searched 11 WHO primary registries for Chinese trials records. The progress of each trial was analyzed. We searched for the full texts of result publications cited in the registration records. For completed trials without citations, we searched PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Chinese), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database for result publications. The search was conducted on July 14, 2009. We also called the investigators of completed trials to ask about results publication.We identified 1294 Chinese trials records (428 in ChiCTR,743 in clinicaltrials.gov,55 in ISRCTN, 21 in ACTRN). A total of 443 trials had been completed. The publication rate of the Chinese trials in WHO primary registries is 35.2%(156/443).The publication rate of Chinese trials in clinicaltrials.gov, ChiCTR, ISRCTN, and ACRTN was 36.5% (53/145), 36.3% (89/245), 26.0%(9/44), and 55.6%(5/9), respectively. The publication rate of trials sponsored by industry(23.8%) was lower than that of sponsored by central and local government(31.7%), hospital(35.1%), and universities (40.7%). The publication rate for randomized trials was higher than that of cohort study and case-control study (33.2% versus 16.7%, 22.2%). The publication rate for interventional studies and observational studies was similar(33.4% versus 33.3%).The publication rate of the registered Chinese trials was low, with no significant difference between ChiCTR and clinicaltrials.gov. An effective mechanism is needed to promote publication of results for registered trials in China

Characterization of marine shale in Western Hubei Province based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photographic data

The marine shale in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation of Qinglinkou outcrop section is well developed, but the current characterization methods for outcrops are unsatisfactory. In this paper, the data of outcrop in the field study area were collected by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, then processed and interpreted by oblique photography technology combined with manual investigation. Subsequently, we established a quantitative geological knowledge database of the shale formations and carried out the typical section of anatomy analysis. The results showed that the high-precision image information captured by unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology can be well coupled with a three-dimensional coordinate system. The three-dimensional digital model was used to characterize the lithologic assemblage, thickness and distribution characteristics of the target reservoir. Based on this digital model, we established the three-dimensional lithology and the total organic carbon models of the outcrop area. The spatial distribution characteristics of interbedding between marine dolomite and shale in the outcrop area were displayed, and the distribution of total organic carbon was revealed under lithological constraints. The models are beneficial for the analysis and prediction of the lithology and total organic carbon, which is of great significance to the understanding of shale gas sweet spots.Cited as: Yin, S., Feng, K., Nie, X., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, P. Characterization of marine shale in Western Hubei Province based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photographic data. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(3): 252-263. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2022.03.0

Controls of Multi-Scale Fractures in Tight Sandstones: A Case Study in the Second Member of Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang Area, Western Sichuan Depression

Different scales of fractures affect the reservoir quality in tight sandstone. There are more studies on macroscopic tectonic fractures but less on bedding fractures and microfractures. The control factors of multi-scale fractures are unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the types and controls of fractures in the second member of the Xinchang region in Western Sichuan. We use core and outcrops observations, imaging logging, scanning energy spectra, and rock slices. Natural fractures can be classified into tectonic, bedding, and microscopic types. The tectonic fractures are mainly low- to medium-angle tensile fractures. The bedding fractures are nearly horizontally distributed along the bedding surface, including parallel, dark mineral interface, and carbonaceous fragments interface bedding fractures. The microfractures develop intra-grain, edge-grain, and inter-grain types. The intra-grain microfractures are inside quartz or feldspar grains, whereas inter-grain types penetrate multiple grains with larger extension lengths. The tectonic fractures are related to the stress, grain size, mineral component, argillaceous content, and lithologic thickness. Parallel bedding fractures are controlled by the coupling of water depth and flow velocity. Bedding fractures at the interface are controlled by rock component. The microfractures are controlled by the length-width axis ratio of the grain, grain element content, and brittleness index. Fractures of different scales form a three-dimensional fracture system that has a substantial impact on the gas production

Establishment of noncycloplegic methods for screening myopia and pre-myopia in preschool children

PurposePre-myopia, a non-myopic refractive state, is a key concern for myopia prevention because of its association with a significantly higher risk of myopia in children under 3 years of age. Amid the myopia pandemic, its onset at younger ages is increasing, yet research on screening methods for myopia and pre-myopia in preschool children remains limited. This study aimed to establish effective noncycloplegic screening methods for myopia and pre-myopia in preschool children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 16 kindergartens in Shanghai, China. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was recorded using a logMAR visual acuity chart. Pre- and post-cycloplegic refractions were obtained using an auto-refractor (TopconKR-800). Noncycloplegic axial length (AL) and corneal curvature radius (CR) were measured using the IOL Master-700. Logistic regression models were developed to establish accurate noncycloplegic screening methods for myopia and pre-myopia.ResultsA total of 1,308 children with a mean age of 4.3 ± 0.9 years were included; among them 640 (48.9%) were girls. The myopia prevalence rate was 2.8% (n = 36), and the prevalence of pre-myopia was 21.9% (n = 286). Pre-myopia screening (cycloplegic spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.5 < SE ≤0.75 diopters [D]) using UDVA exhibited an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.52, noncycloplegic SE had an AUC of 0.70 and AL had an AUC of 0.63. The accuracy of combining the SE and AL/CR ratio was among the best with the least number of checks used, and the AUC was 0.74 for pre-myopia screening and 0.94 for myopia screening (cycloplegic SE ≤ −0.5 D). The addition of UDVA did not further improve the accuracy.ConclusionUsing UDVA alone did not achieve good accuracy in pre-myopia or myopia screening of young children. Under non-cycloplegic conditions, the combination of AL/CR and SE demonstrated favorable results for pre-myopia and myopia screening of preschool children

Eyes grow towards mild hyperopia rather than emmetropia in Chinese preschool children

Purpose: To document one-year changes in refraction and refractive components in preschool children. Methods: Children, 3–5 years old, in the Jiading District, Shanghai, were followed for one year. At each visit, axial length (AL), refraction under cycloplegia (1% cyclopentolate), spherical dioptres (DS), cylinder dioptres (DC), spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and corneal curvature radius (CR) were measured. Results: The study included 458 right eyes of 458 children. The mean changes in DS, DC and SER were 0.02 ± 0.35 D, −0.02 ± 0.33 D and 0.01 ± 0.37 D, while the mean changes in AL, CR and lens power (LP) were 0.27 ± 0.10 mm, 0.00 ± 0.04 mm and − 0.93 ± 0.49 D. The change in the SER was linearly correlated with the baseline SER (coefficient = −0.147, p < 0.001). When the baseline SER was at 1.05 D (95% CI = 0.21 to 2.16), the change in SER was 0 D. The baseline SER was also linearly associated with the change in LP (coefficient = 0.104, p = 0.013), but not with the change in AL (p = 0.957) or with the change in CR (p = 0.263). Conclusion: In eyes with a baseline SER less than +1.00 D, LP loss was higher compared to axial elongation, leading to hyperopic shifts in refraction, whereas for those with baseline SER over this range, loss of LP compared to axial elongation was reduced, leading to myopic shifts. This model indicated the homeostasis of human refraction and explained how refractive development leads to a preferred state of mild hyperopia.The study was funded by Chinese National NatureScience Foundation (No. 81670898), Chinese Nat-ural Science Foundation for Young Staff (No.81800881), The Shanghai Three Year Public HealthAction Program (No. GWIV-3.3), The ShanghaiHigh-level Oversea Training Team Program on EyePublic Health (No. GWTD2015S08), The ShanghaiOutstanding Academic Leader Program (No.16XD1402300), Shanghai Nature Science Founda-tion (NO. 15ZR1438400), Three-year Action Pro-gram of Shanghai Municipality for Strengtheningthe Construction of the Public Health System(NO.GWIV-13.2), Key Discipline of PublicHealth-Eye health in Shanghai (No.15GWZK0601), Municipal Human ResourcesDevelopment Program for Outstanding YoungTalents in Medical and Health Sciences in Shanghai(Grant No. 2017YQ019), Shanghai Sailing Program(No. 17YF1416100), Foundation of ShanghaiMunicipal Commission of Health and FamilyPlanning (No. 20184Y0217), National Key R&DProgramofChina(2016YFC0904800,2019YFC0840607), National Science and Technol-ogy Major Project of China (2017ZX09304010) andSongjiang Science Foundation (No. 19SJKJGG30)

Mapping of spatiotemporal auricular electrophysiological signals reveals human biometric clusters

Underneath the ear skin there are rich vascular network and sensory nerve branches. Hence, the 3D mapping of auricular electrophysiological signals can provide new biomedical perspectives. However, it is still extremely challenging for current sensing techniques to cover the entire ultra-curved auricle. Here, a 3D graphene-based ear-conformable sensing device with embedded and distributed 3D electrodes for full-auricle physiological monitoring is reported. As a proof-of-concept, spatiotemporal auricular electrical skin resistance (AESR) mapping is demonstrated for the first time, and human subject-specific AESR distributions are observed. From the data of more than 30 ears (both right and left ears), the auricular region-specific AESR changes after cycling exercise are observed in 98% of the tests and are clustered into four groups via machine learning-based data analyses. Correlations of AESR with heart rate and blood pressure are also studied. This 3D electronic platform and AESR-based biometrical findings show promising biomedical applications

Dental resin monomer enables unique NbO2/carbon lithium‐ion battery negative electrode with exceptional performance

Niobium dioxide (NbO2) features a high theoretical capacity and an outstanding electron conductivity, which makes it a promising alternative to the commercial graphite negative electrode. However, studies on NbO2 based lithium-ion battery negative electrodes have been rarely reported. In the present work, NbO2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in a carbon matrix are synthesized through calcination using a dental resin monomer (bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA) as the solvent and a carbon source and niobium ethoxide (NbETO) as the precursor. It is revealed that a low Bis-GMA/NbETO mass ratio (from 1:1 to 1:2) enables the conversion of Nb (V) to Nb (IV) due to increased porosity induced by an alcoholysis reaction between the NbETO and Bis-GMA. The as-prepared NbO2/carbon nanohybrid delivers a reversible capacity of 225 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a 1 C rate with a Coulombic efficiency of more than 99.4% in the cycles. Various experimental and theoretical approaches including solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, ex situ X-ray diffraction, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and density functional theory are utilized to understand the fundamental lithiation/delithiation mechanisms of the NbO2/carbon nanohybrid. The results suggest that the NbO2/carbon nanohybrid bearing high capacity, long cycle life, and low gas evolution is promising for lithium storage applications

Patterns of intercalation in alluvial fan reservoirs—A case study of Lower Karamay Formation, Yizhong Area, Karamay Oilfield, NW China

This paper discusses the overall distribution characteristics of alluvial fan in the Triassic Lower Karamay Formation, Yizhong Area, the Karamay Oilfield, with core, outcrop, logging and seismic data. On this basis, the shapes, sizes and stacking patterns of intercalations in different levels and sub-facies are analyzed using the hierarchy bounding surfaces method. In the study area, the Lower Karamay Formation contains (from bottom to top) root fan, middle fan and outer fan deposits, with size-reducing grains, as a complete retrograding sedimentary sequence. The intercalation in the alluvial fan reservoir can be divided into two types: lithological intercalation (fine sediments) and physical intercalation (argillaceous sandstone/conglomerate). Origin, pattern and size of intercalations vary significantly in different sub-facies zones. In particular, the intercalations in root fan are “scattered generally and interlaced locally”, presenting as partially discontinuous screen in a high-permeable network; the intercalations in middle fan are relatively stable intercalations and lateral intercalations, with a higher capacity to shade or screen the seepage; the intercalations in outer fan present as a layered cake, with reservoir bodies mosaic-like along the source and lenticular in perpendicularity to the source that are separated by thick barrier beds, showing the highest capacity of screen. Key words: Karamay Oilfield, Lower Karamay Formation, alluvial fan, intercalation, root fan, middle fan, outer fa