Behavior-Based Simulation Approach for the Capacity and Traffic Operational Characteristic Study of Four-Way-Stop-Controlled Intersections

The objective of the proposed research is to study the traffic operational characteristics at four-way-stop-controlled (FWSC) intersections with single -lane approaches. Observational data were collected at six FWSC intersections in Lawrence, Kansas. Then, the necessary traffic data were extracted from the videotapes using data processing programs. With the collected data, a driver behavior based simulation approach was presented to estimate the 95th percentile queue length, control delay and service time. After calibration and validation, the simulation model was used to study characteristics of the queue length, control delay, and service time at FWSC intersections. Finally, intersection capacities were estimated under different traffic conditions

About some Characteristics of Black English

Back English is one of the varieties of so called Standard English spoken by the Black Americans. It has its own characteristics and uniqueness. We study it only because we want to know it better in order to understa nd and communicate with each other better. Key words: black English; characteristics; variety; grammar Résumé: L’anglaise des Noirs est l'une des variétés de ce qu'on appelle l'anglais standard parlé par les Noirs américains. Elle a ses propres caractéristiques et ses particularités. Nous l'étudions dans cet article parce que nous voulons mieux le connaître afin de se comprendre et de se communiquer mieux. Mots-Clés: l’anglais des noirs；charactéristiques；variété, grammair

Experimental non-local generation of entanglement from independent sources

We experimentally demonstrate a non-local generation of entanglement from two independent photonic sources in an ancilla-free process . Two bosons (photons) are entangled in polarization space by steering into a novel interferometer setup, in which they have never meet each other. The entangled photons are delivered to polarization analyzers in different sites, respectively, and a non-local interaction is observed. Entanglement is further verified by the way of the measured violation of a CHSH type Bell's inequality with S-values of 2.54 and 27 standard deviations. Our results will shine a new light into the understanding on how quantum mechanics works, have possible philosophic consequences on the one hand and provide an essential element for quantum information processing on the other hand. Potential applications of our results are briefly discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

How to Promote Learning Behavior? Exploring the Role of Gamification in Mobile Learning Apps from the Perspective of Affordance

With the rapid popularization of mobile network, various gamification elements have been widely used in many mobile learning apps. However, there is no complete model to explain the actual effect of these gamification elements on promoting user learning behavior. This paper analyzes the effects of two types of gamification affordance elements on user learning behavior in mobile learning apps based on affordance theory and combines with an elaboration likelihood model. The datas are collected and analyzed from 23641 Shanbay Word users. The result shows that achievement visualization affordance and competition affordance affect users learning behavior negatively, user learning intention plays a mediating role between achievement visualization affordance, competition affordance and user learning behavior, team learning climate plays a moderating role between user learning intention, achievement visualization affordance and competition affordance

Clinical application of retinal oscillatory potential

Retinal oscillatory potential has been widely applied in diagnosis, condition variety and prognostic of eye disease. It is believed that oscillatory potentials are generated from the inner retina, and can objectively reflect blood circulation in inner retina. Now the applications and prospects of retinal oscillatory potential are briefly introduced, in order to promote the popularity of this technology

Postmenopausal hormone and the risk of nephrolithiasis

Menopause is reported to be associated with increased urinary calcium excretion, which may enhance the risk for the development of calcium kidney stones. However, it remains controversial about whether high level of postmenopausal hormone (PMH) is a risk factor for formation of nephrolithiasis. Several observational studies have shown that PMH is protective based on 24-hour urinary parameters. Recent clinical trials provided evidence to conclude that estrogen therapy increases the risk of nephrolithiasis in healthy postmenopausal women. Our study aimed to comprehensively assess clinical evidence on the relationship between postmenopausal hormone level and risk of nephrolithiasis. To conduct systematic review, we pooled total 98 potentially related articles in Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase. Three studies with a total of 71101 study participants that included two clinical trials, 4 stratified and potentially usable results by the status of menopause and type of PMH use derived from one prospective cohort study, and one case-control studies were selected to pool relative risk using random-effect model. How the difference in menopause status, whether naturally menopausal or surgically menopausal, influenced the pooled relative risk was included in the subgroup analysis. The study population aged from 45 to 70 years old. The follow-up year and adjusted confounders differed across different studies. The pooled relative risk for the 7 stratified studies was 0.91 (95 % confidence interval (CI): [0.72, 1.14]). In the menopausal status-specific analysis, the pooled relative risk for naturally menopausal women was 0.92 (95 % CI, [0.64, 1.27]; I2 = 82.74 %) whereas the pooled relative risk for surgically postmenopausal women is 0.90 (95 % CI, [0.63, 1.29]; I2 = 78.47 %). The above results suggested that there was no significant association between PMH and the risk of nephrolithiasis. The difference in menopausal status did not influence the relationship between PMH and the risk of kidney stone formation

Learnability of Linear Port-Hamiltonian Systems

A complete structure-preserving learning scheme for single-input/single-output (SISO) linear port-Hamiltonian systems is proposed. The construction is based on the solution, when possible, of the unique identification problem for these systems, in ways that reveal fundamental relationships between classical notions in control theory and crucial properties in the machine learning context, like structure-preservation and expressive power. In the canonical case, it is shown that the set of uniquely identified systems can be explicitly characterized as a smooth manifold endowed with global Euclidean coordinates, which allows concluding that the parameter complexity necessary for the replication of the dynamics is only $O(n)$ and not $O(n^2)$, as suggested by the standard parametrization of these systems. Furthermore, it is shown that linear port-Hamiltonian systems can be learned while remaining agnostic about the dimension of the underlying data-generating system. Numerical experiments show that this methodology can be used to efficiently estimate linear port-Hamiltonian systems out of input-output realizations, making the contributions in this paper the first example of a structure-preserving machine learning paradigm for linear port-Hamiltonian systems based on explicit representations of this model category