3 research outputs found
Confined Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers within Silica Nanobowl Arrays
The confined self-assembly of asymmetric diblock copolymer polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA)
within an array of silica nanobowls prepared using a colloidal spheres
templating technique is investigated. By manipulation of the nanobowl
size, block copolymer (BCP) thickness, and interfacial interaction,
a rich variety of ordered BCP nanostructures not accessible in the
bulk system or under other confinements are obtained, resulting in
hierarchically ordered nanostructures
DataSheet_1_Integrated profiling of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related DERL3 in the prognostic and immune features of lung adenocarcinoma.pdf
BackgroundDERL3 has been implicated as an essential element in the degradation of misfolded lumenal glycoproteins induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the correlation of DERL3 expression with the malignant phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells is unclear and remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the interaction between the DERL3 and LUAD pathological process.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to determine the genetic alteration of DERL3 in stage I LUAD. Clinical LUAD samples including carcinoma and adjacent tissues were obtained and were further extracted to detect DERL3 mRNA expression via RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the protein expression of DERL3 in LUAD tissues. The GEPIA and TIMER website were used to evaluate the correlation between DERL3 and immune cell infiltration. We further used the t-SNE map to visualize the distribution of DERL3 in various clusters at the single-cell level via TISCH database. The potential mechanisms of the biological process mediated by DERL3 in LUAD were conducted via KEGG and GSEA.ResultsIt was indicated that DERL3 was predominantly elevated in carcinoma compared with adjacent tissues in multiple kinds of tumors from the TCGA database, especially in LUAD. Immunohistochemistry validated that DERL3 was also upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with adjacent tissues from individuals. DERL3 was preliminarily found to be associated with immune infiltration via the TIMER database. Further, the t-SNE map revealed that DERL3 was predominantly enriched in plasma cells of the B cell population. It was demonstrated that DERL3 high-expressed patients presented significantly worse response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. GSEA and KEGG results indicated that DERL3 was positively correlated with B cell activation and unfolded protein response (UPR).ConclusionOur findings indicated that DERL3 might play an essential role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) process in LUAD. Moreover, DERL3 may act as a promising immune biomarker, which could predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in LUAD.</p
Molecular Alignment in Polyethylene during Cold Drawing Using In-Situ SANS and Raman Spectroscopy
Changes in the crystalline
and mesoscale lamellar structure during
plastic deformation of semicrystalline polymers have been extensively
studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. However, direct measurements
of single chain conformations during stretching have not been realized,
although they are key to fully understand the structural transitions
during cold drawing and their relation with the state of uniaxial
stress. We report direct measurements of molecular alignment of a
semicrystalline polymer <i>during</i> cold drawing by combining
in-situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and polarized Raman
spectroscopy. The sample investigated is a linear low-density polyethylene
(LLDPE) with density of 918 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and melt index of 1.0
g/10 min. A multifaceted protocol consisting of hydrogen–deuterium
exchange, followed by fractionation (by molecular weight, MW) and
blending of selected deuterated fractions with protonated LLDPE, was
used to elucidate, via SANS measurements, the response of the different
fractions to uniaxial deformation. Under tensile deformation significant
chain stretching occurs in the initial elastic regime. Further plastic
deformation causes additional chain stretching, but to a lesser degree,
that eventually plateaus in the strain hardening regime. Concurrently,
the fraction of trans conformers increases linearly, as measured by
in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The total orientation, quantified using
an alignment factor, is lower for the lower MW fractions. We hypothesize
through simple geometric arguments that this is directly related to
the probability of forming intercrystal tie chains