3,228 research outputs found
Tunable Quantum Chaos in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model Coupled to a Thermal Bath
The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model describes Majorana fermions with random
interaction, which displays many interesting properties such as non-Fermi
liquid behavior, quantum chaos, emergent conformal symmetry and holographic
duality. Here we consider a SYK model or a chain of SYK models with
Majorana fermion modes coupled to another SYK model with Majorana fermion
modes, in which the latter has many more degrees of freedom and plays the role
as a thermal bath. For a single SYK model coupled to the thermal bath, we show
that although the Lyapunov exponent is still proportional to temperature, it
monotonically decreases from (, is
temperature) to zero as the coupling strength to the thermal bath increases.
For a chain of SYK models, when they are uniformly coupled to the thermal bath,
we show that the butterfly velocity displays a crossover from a
-dependence at relatively high temperature to a linear -dependence
at low temperature, with the crossover temperature also controlled by the
coupling strength to the thermal bath. If only the end of the SYK chain is
coupled to the thermal bath, the model can introduce a spatial dependence of
both the Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocity. Our models provide
canonical examples for the study of thermalization within chaotic models.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures. References adde
Numerical Simulation and Erosion Prediction for an Electrical Submersible Pump
Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) are widely used in the oil industry to lift oil and gas at the same time with high efficiency. Many ESPs operate with multiphase flow – liquid, gas and a low concentration of sand, thus having problems of pressure degradation and erosion. To investigate these problems, a numerical method can be used, which provides details of the inner flow field. Using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent, 3D transient multiphase simulations are conducted for a Baker Hughes made ESP MVP-G400. The simulations focus on three parts: secondary flow path in multiphase flow, pressure degradation due to gas volume fraction and erosion prediction.
Aside from the main flow path, the clearances and balancing holes inside the ESP create a secondary path which enables the flow to recirculate. Although the volume flow rate in this path is low compared with the main flow path, the erosion in the secondary path cannot be neglected and can result in pump failure. In this research, a water-air-sand three phase simulation is performed on dual stages of the ESP, with all secondary path included.
Second part of this research focuses on the pressure degradation due to the presence of a gas phase, especially at the first stage near the pump inlet. The compressibility of gas and the bubble break-up and coalescence effects are considered using the Population Balancing Module in ANSYS Fluent.
The last part is the erosion prediction. A low concentration of sand is often inevitable during the operation of an ESP, causing erosion and reducing the life span of the ESP. This erosion becomes more severe with the existence a of gas phase. The three-phase simulations with both Eulerian multiphase and particle tracking explain the erosion and the role of gas in this process, giving a reasonable qualitative prediction on the erosion of the ESP
Spectral form factor for free large gauge theory and strings
We investigate the spectral form factor in two different systems, free large
gauge theories and highly excited string gas. In both cases, after a rapid
decay of the spectral form factor at early time, new contributions come in,
preventing the spectral form factor from ever becoming exponentially small. We
consider gauge theories with only adjoint matter and compute the
spectral form factor using a matrix integral of the thermal holonomy . The
new saddles differ from the early time saddle by preserving certain subgroups
of the center symmetry. For a gas of strings, the short time decay of the
spectral form factor is governed by the continuous Hagedorn density of states,
which can be associated to the thermal winding mode with winding number . We show that the rise of the spectral form factor comes from other winding
modes that also carry momentum along the time direction. We speculate on the
existence of a family of classical solutions for these string modes, similar to
the Horowitz-Polchinski solution.
We review a similar problem for black holes. In particular, we examine the
Kontsevich-Segal criterion on complex black holes that contribute to the
spectral form factor. In the canonical ensemble quantity , the
black hole becomes unallowed at . A way to avoid this
is to consider the microcanonical ensemble, where the black hole stays
allowable.Comment: 36 pages, 15 figures. v2: added references. v3: matched published
versio
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