Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (wild service tree) fruits

In this study, the antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz fruits were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothioazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of water, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts were determined for the measurement of the antioxidant activity. Quercetin and a-tocopherol were used as standard antioxidants. The inhibitory effect of the water extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was evaluated using the Ellman method and galantamine was used as a standard. Water extract had the highest total phenolic concentration and the strongest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate and acetone extracts whereas methanol extract has the lowest phenolics and weakest antioxidant activity. Moreover, water extract showed moderate ability to inhibit AChE. It was concluded that fruits of S. torminalis have antioxidant and anti-AChE activities and that the plant might be a natural source of antioxidants and AChE inhibitors. Copyright (C) 2014, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, acetylcholinesterase and thioredoxin reductase inhibitory activities of nine selected Turkish medicinal plants

Ethyl acetate, methanol, dichloromethane, petroleum ether and water extracts of nine selected plant species, which are commonly used as herbal medicines for anticancer and anti-inflammatory purposes in Turkey, were evaluated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant potency with a thiobarbituric acid assay using the lipid peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes, DPPII and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays. Inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX) was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts. As thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has emerged as a new target for anticancer drug development, the extracts were investigated for their inhibitory activities on TrxR. The ability of the extracts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a target for cholinesterase inhibitors, used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease, was also examined. The results showed that the extracts of C. coggygria and M. officinalis subsp. officinalis are the. most effective hydrogen and electron donors and contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds; thus, they can be considered the best antioxidants among the nine plants selected for the study. All the plants showed inhibitory effects against AChE, COX-1 and COX-2, therefore may be of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. It was found that M. officinalis subsp. officinalis, C. coggyria, S. aucuparia and P. major subsp. major have a strong inhibitory effect on TrxR by up to 99 %, highlighting their potential as preventive therapeutics for cancer. This study confirmed the use of these plants in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents

Effect of oral vanadium supplementation on oxidative stress factors in the lung tissue of diabetic rats

Objective: Vanadium and vanadium compounds are responsible for insulin-like activity and can mimic the action of insulin through alternative signaling pathways. As the lung is a possible target organ for diabetic complications, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the lung tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) to male Swiss albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control; vanadyl sulfate control; STZ-diabetic untreated; STZ-diabetic treated with vanadyl sulfate. Vanadyl sulfate (100 mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, rats which were fasted overnight were sacrificed. Then, lung tissues were taken and homogenized in cold saline to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, as well as carbonic anhydrase, myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were determined in the lung tissue. Results: It was shown that vanadium supplementation decreased all enzyme activities tested which increased in the lung tissue of untreated diabetic group. Conclusion: Vanadium could be used as a preventive for diabetic complication because of its antioxidant activity

In vitro biological effects of Crataegus microphylla C. Koch

Cratageus species are rich in phenols and flavonoids, which are active compounds that possess beneficial effects. This study aimed to identify the antioxidant, antimicrobial, DNA damage protection activities, and the capacities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thioredoxin reductase (ThxR), and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the methanol extract of Cratageus microphylla. The plant extract inhibited the formation of free radicals in various assay systems, such as 2,-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation (anti-LPO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. According to the findings, the extract inhibited the lipid peroxidation and neutralized stable DPPH, and ABTS cation radicals with EC50 values of 0.766 +/- 0.026 mg/mL, 0.207 +/- 0.009 mg/mLand 0.756 +/- 0.048 mg/mL, respectively. The extract also acted as a reductant as indicated by the FRAP value (2.841 +/- 0.096 mM Fe2+), thus exhibiting its potential as an antioxidant. Moderate AChE (4.94 +/- 0.29 mg/mL) and a-glucosidase (14.41 +/- 0.29 mg/mL) and significant ThxR (EC50= 0.61 +/- 0.06 mg/mL) inhibition activities were observed. DNA damage formation in in vitro assays was 51 % at 0.78 mu g/mL concentrations. Therefore, C. microphylla can be considered as a good source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and anticancer agents

Ameliorative effect of vanadium on oxidative stress in stomach tissue of diabetic rats

Between their broad spectrum of action, vanadium compounds are shown to have insulin mimetic/enhancing effects. Increasing evidence in experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and on the onset of diabetic complications. Thus, preventive therapy can alleviate the possible side effects of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the stomach tissue of diabetic rats. Male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control; control+vanadyl sulfate; diabetic; diabetic+vanadyl sulfate. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight). Vanadyl sulfate (loo mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, stomach tissues were taken and homogenized to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in the stomach tissue. CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, GST, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were increased in diabetic rats when compared to normal rats. Vanadium treatment significantly reduced the elevated activities of GR, GPx, GST compared with the diabetic group whereas the decreases in CAT, SOD, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were insignificant. No significant change was seen for MPO activity between the groups. It was concluded that vanadium could be used for its ameliorative effect against oxidative stress in diabetes. (C) 2014 Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FB&H. All rights reserve

Protective effect of Amaranthus lividus L. on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Objective: Amaranthus lividus is consumed as popular vegetable in West Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective and antioxidant effects of A. lividus on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) induced oxidative stress and acute liver injury in rats

UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS Analyses on Phenolic, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil of Verbascum pinetorum with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and DNA Damage Protection Effects

This paper is the first phytochemical and ABTS cation radical decolorisation activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, anticholinesterase and DNA damage protection effect of endemic Verbascum pinetorum (Boiss.) O. Kuntze. Phenolic profile of V. pinetorum were qualified and quantified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Malic acid (47250.61 +/- 2504.28 mu g/g) and luteolin (7651.96 +/- 527.98 mu g/g) were found as most abundant compounds for metanol and acetone extracts, respectively. Fatty acid and essential oil compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. The main components of fatty acid were found to be palmitic (27.1%) and stearic (22.1%) acids. The main compounds of the essential oil were cineole (16.9%) and alpha-selinene (16.4%). The acetone extract was found to be more active than BHT used as a standard in beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the acetone and methanol extracts showed higher activity than BHT at all tested concentrations. The acetone, methanol and water extracts showed strong inhibition while the acetone extract showed better activity than BHT and a-tocopherol which were used as standards in ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays, respectively. All extracts were found to be inactive in antialzheimer activity. The acetone extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. The methanol extract of V. pinetorum were found no significant effect on DNA cleavage protection