Utjecaj dodatka prirodnih antioksidansa na svojstva ulja pri prženju

In this study, the natural green tea extract, purified lycopene, purified resveratrol and purified γ-oryzanol were added into peanut oil and their antioxidant performances were evaluated during frying. Moreover, the sensory properties of fried dough were evaluated to determine the consumption feasibility. All natural antioxidants led to significant increase in the stability of the oil samples. The ranges of measurements in the treatment groups were as follows: free acidity 0.1–2.9 g of oleic acid per 100 g of oil, conjugated dienes 0.01–0.40 g per 100 g of oil, total polar material 8.8–73.8 g per 100 g of oil, total phenolics 0.1–4.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of oil, and antioxidant capacity 0.5–11.0 mM of Trolox equivalents per 100 g of oil. The fatty acid and sterol compositions indicated that antioxidant supplementation could slow the oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and reduce trans-acid formation. Frying oil enriched with purified γ-oryzanol had higher sterol levels than the other enriched oil samples. The obtained quality of oil protection was in descending order: purified γ-oryzanol, green tea extract and purified lycopene.U ovom su radu ispitani antioksidativni učinci prirodnog ekstrakta zelenog čaja, pročišćenog likopena, pročišćenog rezveratrola i pročišćenog γ-orizanola dodanih ulju od kikirikija tijekom prženja. Osim toga, ocijenjena su i senzorska svojstva prženog tijesta da bi se ispitala mogućnost primjene ulja s dodacima. Dodatkom prirodnih antioksidansa povećala se stabilnost ulja. Izmjerene su sljedeće vrijednosti: kiselost ulja od 0,1 do 2,9 g oleinske kiseline, udjeli konjugiranih diena od 0,01 do 0,40 g te ukupnog polarnog materijala od 8,8 do 73,8 g u 100 g ulja, udjel ukupnih fenola od 0,1 do 4,20 mg ekvivalenata galne kiseline u 100 g ulja te antioksidativni kapacitet od 0,5 do 11,0 mM ekvivalenta Troloxa u 100 g ulja. Udjeli masnih kiselina i sterola potvrđuju pretpostavku da dodatak antioksidansa usporava oksidacijsku razgradnju nezasićenih masnih kiselina i smanjuje udjel nastalih trans-kiselina. Ulje za prženje obogaćeno pročišćenim γ-orizanolom imalo je veći udjel sterola od ostalih uzoraka. Pročišćeni γ-orizanol, a nakon toga ekstrakt zelenog čaja i pročišćeni likopen najviše su povećali stabilnost ulja

Effect of Cohesive Contact of Backfill with Arch and Spandrel Walls of a Historical Masonry Arch Bridge on Seismic Response

Historical masonry bridges generally consist of arches, spandrels walls, backfills, piers and foundations. Under the effects such as earthquake, flood and wind, the most vulnerable structural elements of bridges against out-of-plane seismic motions are spandrel walls. Increasing length and height of spandrel walls increases the vulnerability of the bridge under loads in vertical and transverse directions. The aim of this research is to examine the in-plane and out-of-plane non-linear structural responses of the spandrel walls of a historical masonry bridge. For this purpose, a historical masonry arch bridge with built in 1787 in Bartın-Turkey was chosen as the subject structure. The 3D finite element model and nonlinear seismic analyses of the bridge were performed with ABAQUS. Initially, the backfill-spandrels and backfill-arch interfaces of the bridge were modeled with and without cohesive contact. The non-linear material responses of the spandrel walls and the arch units were defined using Concrete Damage Plasticity material model and those of the backfill unit were defined with Mohr-Coulomb material model. The east-west component of 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake’s acceleration records was used in the analyses. The east-west acceleration component was applied on the bridge in-plane and out-of-plane directions during the time-history non-linear seismic analysis of the bridge. The results obtained from the analyses with and without the consideration of cohesive contact were compared to evaluate the seismic responses of the spandrel walls. As a result, cohesive interface behavior was found to significantly affect the spandrel wall response under in- plane and out-of-plane seismic forces

Evaluation of the sensory properties, volatile aroma compounds and functional food potentials of cold-press produced mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) seed oil☆

The aims of this study were to cold-press mahaleb seed, and then fully characterize the oil to extent its food and functional food applications. The novelty of this study relies upon the first data provided by the thermal analysis, sensory analysis, and volatile aroma compounds composition. The seeds were pressed with a screw-type single-head press with a maximum oil exit temperature of 40 °C. Most common physico-chemical properties, composition analyses, volatile aroma compounds profile, sensory descriptive analysis and consumer tests were completed. The main properties were appropriate and the composition (fatty acids, phytosterols and tocopherols) data concurred with the available literature. Thermal data were provided, and the oil peak crystallization and melting temperatures were −44.45 °C and −8.41 °C, respectively. There were 38 volatile aroma compounds quantified mostly with almond, green, vanillin, woody, and fermented aroma definitions. The panel described the oil with 5 sensory descriptive (almond, vanillin, dough, green, cooling) terms. Consumers liked appearance the most (4.49) with a general acceptance score of 3.70 on a 5-point hedonic scale. Overall, the mahaleb seed oil is a conjugated linolenic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids, β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol rich, very aromatic, and consumer-liked sample. Further studies with various food applications are foreseen

AIR CONDITIONING WASTE HEAT TO DOMESTIC HOT WATER-A STUDENT DESIGN PROJECT

ABSTRACT The goal of the "Domestic Hot Water Heater Using Air Conditioner (A/C) Waste Heat" design project was to introduce students to designing mechanical systems in the "ETME475-Mechanical Systems Design" course. The design project was assigned to two Mechanical Engineering Technology students as their second design project in the course. Students were asked to do their own literature search and create their own designs. Both of them decided to use a concentric-tube heat exchanger to extract heat from hot refrigerant gas to heat water residing in domestic hot water heater tank. Their literature search led them to some manufacturers. Since delivery time for concentric-tube heat exchanger was too long, we purchased a side-by-side-tube heat exchanger and got it installed on our Heat Pump. Some test runs were conducted to measure the efficiency of the unit and its effect on the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the Heat Pump when heat pump is operated in A/C mode. Contrary to our expectations, results indicate that, COP values have been reduced by about 22%. Measured efficiency of the unit was about 18%. Students have designed a concentric-tube heat exchanger, turned in their final reports and orally presented their designs to the class

Effect of receiver shape and volume on the Alzheimer disease for molecular communication via diffusion

The work of I. Isik and M. E. Tagluk was supported by the Inonu University Project of Scientific Research Unit (BAP) under the project number FBA-2018-1013. The authors thank HP Turkey section for providing a powerful computer for computational tasks in this study. The work of H.B. Yilmaz is supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant no. 118C274. The work of I. Demirkol was supported by the Spanish Government, MINECO, through project RYC-2013-13029Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The Effect of Donor Age on Recipient Kidney Graft Function

Purpose: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a highly morbid and mortal condition. Renal transplantation is the most favorable and preferred solution of this disease. Age is an important factor that can effects the success of transplantation. In this study, we investigated the effect of donor age on the outcomes of kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods: 101 ESRD patients who underwent live or cadaveric kidney transplantation were included and analyzed retrospectively in this study. We reviewed age, sex and body mass index (BMI) of the donors and age, sex, BMI, length of stay, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine measurements of the recipients were recorded. Recipient serum creatinine levels were determined at intervals up to 18 months after transplantation. Results: Donors were divided into 3 groups according to age (50 years (n:34). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of donor's gender, BMI, living/cadaveric ratio, and recipient's gender, age, and BMI (p>0.05). Length of hospital stay of recipients whose donor <40 years old were statistically significantly lower compared to other age groups (p:0.001). From the 1st month to the 18th month, a statistically significant decrease in GFR and an increase in serum creatinine were observed as the donor age increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Donor age is an important factor for the graft survival and for the allocation procedures it should be kept in mind

Introduction and Evaluation of the Wood Preservative potentials of the Poisonous Sternbergia canadidum extracts

The ability of Sternbergia candida (SB Candidum Mathew Treated blocks were exposed to P. placenta and T. versicolor attack for 12 weeks by the soil block method. Only extract dosages of 0.25 and 0.75% were found efficacious in suppressing attack. A tukey studentized test found both dosages significant at 5% level. In conclusion, the poisonous extracts could be used as effective wood preservative when concentration was adjusted

Marmara Seawater Desalination by Membrane Distillation: Direct Consumption Assessment of Produced Drinking Water

Drinking water was produced from Marmara seawater by membrane distillation (MD). The best operating conditions were determined by batch experiments as: 0.45 μm PTFE, 30°C distillate temperature and temperature difference, and 270–360 L/h cross‐flow rates in feed‐distillate. Seawater desalination was carried out with 99.93% solute rejection and 17.2 L/m2h permeate flux in 66% concentration ratio by lab‐scale pilot system. Since the desalinated water contained no organic carbon, turbidity, and nitrate, it seemed to be very suitable for immediate service with quality of 7.3 pH, clear, odor‐free, 76.0 µS/cm, 47.1 mg TDS/L, <0.001 color, and 0.01 mg boron/L. The product water lacked of vital cations, especially Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ that are essentials for promoting osmotic balanced body liquid and healthy development. A holistic management approach towards satisfying specific water quality requirements in direct service of MD effluents to human consumption was proposed that jointly included in injecting into urban potable water, adding appropriate chemicals into the effluent, and mixing effluents with raw or concentrated seawater (1:250/1:1000 for Marmara seawater) or brackish natural waters under hygienic precautions

Immunohistochemical assessment of mda and 8-ohdg expression in the skin, lungs and kidneys of lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus confirmed with pcr

This study aimed to assess the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis and progression of sheeppox with the immunohistochemical investigation of MDA and 8-OhdG expressions. The study material comprised of 24 lamb carcasses (suspected of being infected with sheeppox), which were referred to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis, and 6 healthy lambs used for control purposes. Commercial MDA and 8-OHdG were used for labeling with the avidin-biotin-Peroxidase complex technique by the manufacturer"s instructions. By using PCR the correct-sized amplicon was obtained from eight of the samples. Characteristic pock nodules were detected in the skin, lung, and liver tissues. In histopathological examinations, sheeppox cells and Guarneri bodies, which are quite typical for the diagnosis of the disease, were found in the internal organs. All of the sheeppox-infected cases yielded positive results for MDA and 8-OHdG immunostainings. When compared to the control group, the sheeppoxinfected group displayed statistically higher levels of MDA and 8-OHdG expressions. In conclusion, increased MDA and 8-OHdG expressions in the visceral organs of lambs naturally infected with the sheeppox virus demonstrated that sheeppox is associated with the disruption of the antioxidant/oxidant balance and the occurrence of significant oxidative stress-induced damage to macromolecules such as lipids and the DNA. The positive correlation detected between the severity of the disease and the expression of these biomarkers showed that free radicals are actively involved in the development of pox lesions