Additional file 1 of Dietary intake and incidence risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study

Supplementary Material 1. Table S1: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Poultry intake on IPF risk; Table S2: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Beef intake on IPF risk; Table S3: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Pork intake on IPF risk; Table S4: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Lamb/mutton intake on IPF risk; Table S5: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Non-oily fish on IPF risk; Table S6: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Oily fish intake on IPF risk; Table S7: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Cooked vegetable intake on IPF risk; Table S8: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Salad / raw vegetable intake on IPF risk; Table S9: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Fresh fruit intake on IPF risk; Table S10: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Dried fruit intake on IPF risk; Table S11: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of Coffee intake on IPF risk; Table S12: Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for the effects of tea intake on IPF risk; Figure S1: Scatter plots of the causal relationship between dietary intake and IPF; Figure S2: Forest plots of the causal relationship between dietary intake and IPF; Figure S3: Funnel plots of the causal relationship between dietary intake and IPF

Physical Mechanism and Chemical Trends in the Thermal Expansion of Inorganic Halide Perovskites

The considerable thermal expansion of halide perovskites is one of the challenges to device stability, yet the physical origin and modulation strategy remain unclear. Herein, we report first-principles calculations of the thermal properties of halide perovskites at 300 K using oxides as a reference. We found that the large thermal expansion of halide perovskites can mainly be attributed to their low bulk modulus and volumetric heat capacity because of the soft crystal lattice, whereas composition-dependent anharmonicity emerges as the most important factor in determining thermal expansion with the same structure. We discovered that thermal expansion of halide perovskites can be decreased by weakening the B–X bond to promote the octahedral anharmonicity. We further proposed an effective thermal expansion coefficient descriptor of halide perovskites with a Pearson correlation coefficient of nearly −80%. Our findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and chemical trends in the thermal expansion behavior of halide perovskites

Aggregation Enhancement on Two-Photon Optical Properties of AIE-Active D‑TPE‑A Molecules

We present an aggregation enhancement in two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) of about 2 orders of magnitude in a series of novel noncentrosymmetric D-π-A molecules. Detailed analysis shows that their TPEF is enhanced concomitantly with both fluorescence quantum efficiency and two-photon absorptivity. These D-π-A molecules use tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the π-bridge, giving them aggregation-induced emission characteristics. These branched or butterfly-configured molecules demonstrate two-photon absorption (TPA) transition bands similar to those in their linear absorption. The molecular TPA cross sections in the aggregation environment reach around 50–130 GM, and peak within the available wavelength range of a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond oscillator, which makes the molecules quite favorable for bioimaging applications. We observe that two-photon absorptivity increases progressively with the addition of more donor and acceptor moieties on the TPE backbone, which is presumably attributed to the improved conjugation length and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer, and hence better delocalization of π-electrons

Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Indole Alkaloid Ht-13‑B

An expedient synthesis corroborating the proposed structure of the tetracyclic indole alkaloid ht-13-B is presented. Key synthetic steps include acyliminium ion allylation, a Mitsunobu reaction, a palladium-catalyzed Stille–Kelly cross coupling reaction, and a carbon monoxide-mediated palladium-catalyzed reductive <i>N</i>-heterocyclization. The chiral centers are ultimately derived from commercially available <i>trans</i>-4-hydroxy-l-proline

Solvent Effect and Two-Photon Optical Properties of Triphenylamine-Based Donor–Acceptor Fluorophores

In this work we present a systematic investigation on the optical properties of two triphenylamine (TPA)-based donor–acceptor fluorophores: TPA-PA (phenylaldehyde) and TPA-BMO ((<i>Z</i>)-4-benzylidene-2-methyloxazol-5­(4<i>H</i>)-one). The two compounds are dissolved in nine different organic solvents as dilute solutions in order to analyze the effect of solvent on their linear and nonlinear optical properties. For each compound under one-photon excitation, its fluorescence emission spectrum red-shifts more than 160 nm as the solvent polarity increases from hexane to MeCN, while the fluorescence quantum efficiency and lifetime reach maximum magnitudes in solvents with medium polarity. The quantum efficiency reaches as high as 0.72 in dioxane for TPA-PA and 0.69 in Et₂O for TPA-BMO, respectively. These TPA-PA and TPA-BMO solutions are also strongly emissive upon appropriate two photon excitation, with fluorescence emission spectra identical to those under corresponding one-photon excitation. The maximum two-photon absorption cross sections are ∼160 GM (Goeppert-Mayer units) and 250 GM for TPA-PA and TPA-BMO, respectively, regardless of the solvent identity. Particularly, for TPA-BMO solutions in strongly polar solvents, dual fluorescence peaks are observed in steady state, and distinct relaxation dynamics are detected in fluorescence decays for the two emission peaks. These dual fluorescence emission spectra and dynamics could be interpreted as signs of charge-transfer state formation

Eliminating Nanocrystal Surface Light Loss and Ion Migration to Achieve Bright Mixed-Halide Blue Perovskite LEDs

Blue light-emittin g diodes (LEDs) are important components for perovskite electroluminescence applications, which still suffer from insufficient luminescence efficiency and poor stability. In Cl/Br mixed perovskite NCs, surficial defects cause severe light failure and ion migration, the in-depth mechanism of which is also not clear. To gain insights into these issues, we employ the ligand post-addition approach for mixed Cl/Br NCs by using octylammonium hydrobromide (OctBr) ligands, which effectively decrease surficial light loss and block ion migration pathways. The passivated CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 NCs exhibit exceptional blue emission with 95% PLQY, and the electroluminescence spectra of LEDs are located at the initial positions at the initial states. The treated NC blue devices show a negligible color shift as the voltage increases, which proves that electric-field-driven ion migration is drastically suppressed. In addition, OctBr-treated CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 and CsPbClBr2 NC LEDs show high external quantum efficiencies of 2.42 and 3.05% for emission peaks at 456 and 480 nm, respectively. Our work identified the nature of NC surface defects and provided a surficial modification approach to develop high-performance and color-stable blue mixed-halide perovskite LEDs

Barrier Strategy for Strain-Free Encapsulation of Perovskite Solar Cells

The performance loss caused by encapsulation has been an obstacle to guarantee the excellent power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in practical application. This work revealed that the encapsulation-induced performance loss is highly related to the tensile strains imposed on the functional layers of the device when the PSC is exposed directly to the deformed encapsulant. A barrier strategy is developed by employing a nonadhesive barrier layer to isolate the deformed encapsulant from the PSC functional layer, achieving a strain-free encapsulation of the PSCs. The encapsulated device with a barrier layer effectively reduced the relative performance loss from 21.4% to 5.7% and dramatically improved the stability of the device under double 85 environment conditions. This work provides an effective strategy to mitigate the negative impact of encapsulation on the performance of PSCs as well as insight into the underlying mechanism of the accelerated degradation of PSCs under external strains

Barrier Strategy for Strain-Free Encapsulation of Perovskite Solar Cells

The performance loss caused by encapsulation has been an obstacle to guarantee the excellent power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in practical application. This work revealed that the encapsulation-induced performance loss is highly related to the tensile strains imposed on the functional layers of the device when the PSC is exposed directly to the deformed encapsulant. A barrier strategy is developed by employing a nonadhesive barrier layer to isolate the deformed encapsulant from the PSC functional layer, achieving a strain-free encapsulation of the PSCs. The encapsulated device with a barrier layer effectively reduced the relative performance loss from 21.4% to 5.7% and dramatically improved the stability of the device under double 85 environment conditions. This work provides an effective strategy to mitigate the negative impact of encapsulation on the performance of PSCs as well as insight into the underlying mechanism of the accelerated degradation of PSCs under external strains