324 research outputs found
Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesized Transition Metal Oxides and Chalcogenides for Secondary Energy Storage Systems
Efficient energy storage is the key to faciltating the widespread use of portable electronics, electric and hybrid vehicles, and residential energy storage. Recently, technologies such as Li-ion, Na-ion and Zn-air batteries have been identified as suitable solutions for energy storage devices. Li-ion and Na-ion -based systems have the capability to provide high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities together with the ability to supply energy for demanding, high-power applications. Zn-air batteries combine the best aspects of fuel-cell and a conventional redox battery in a single package, providing high volumetric energy density, improved safety aspects, ease of transportation, and the ability to work in an open-system under atmospheric conditions. However, existing synthesis methods may not be optimal for industrial applications, where a continuous, scaleable, environmentally-friendly, and consistent approach is desirable. To meet such requirements, Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) provides a suitable approach that allows for the scaleable production of nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, sulfides, or composite materials, with high physical consistency and narrow size distributions. Moreover, CHFS is particularly suited for combinatorial studies on the effects of dopant introduction and compositional variation on compounds of interest, as the output formulaic composition can be finely-tuned through control over the precursor concentration and flow rates. In this study, CHFS has been utilized to produce phase-pure nanostructured electrode materials for the first time. In Li-ion and Na-ion half-cells, nanostructured sodium titanate and cobalt nickel sulfide were investigated as an insertion and conversion anode materials, respectively. The high surface area sodium titanates exhibited additional pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms the became more pronounced in Na-ion half-cells. For the cobalt nickel sulfides, in-situ carbon-coating and post-synthesis heat-treatments were shown to increase cycling stability and specific capacity of the anode material, with the former introducing pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms and aiding in buffering destructive volume change, while the latter aiding in the evolution of structurally stable monometallic phases capable of synergistic interactions with bimetallic sulfide components. Cobalt nickel sulfides were also evaluated as bifunctional electrocatalysts and as air-cathodes for Zn-air batteries, where their performance was optimized by altering their formulaic composition through varying the proportion of its metallic precursors, and the introduction of tertiary transition-metal dopants. The improved performance was attributed to the high surface area, the favourable tuning of existing nickel and cobalt cation ratios, and the inherent activity of the dopant cations themselves
Aquatic landscape and the emergence of walled sites in late Neolithic Central Plains of China: Integrating archaeological and geoarchaeological evidence from the Guchengzhai site
The emergence of many late-Neolithic and early Bronze-Age walled sites on China's Central Plains coincided with some prominent Holocene climate events. Recent excavation and geoarchaeological investigation at one of the largest walled sites of Guchengzhai provide important data to examine some of the questions concerning the long-term relationship between the formation of aquatic landscape and social evolution in late prehistoric Central Plains. We collected fine-grained paleo-environmental and archaeological evidence from a range of on- and off-site contexts to reconstruct the late-Holocene paleo-environment surrounding the walled site, and examine the construction, maintenance and abandonment processes of its large-size moat. Our results show that there existed many small-to-large-sized waterbodies during the late Holocene, which, together with local rivers, were the main source of water to the site. The Guchengzhai population was drawn to the low-lying land near the river and other waterbodies with an optimal hydrological condition. During its use, the moat might have been linked to the nearby wetlands and/or rivers. The hydrological regime was dominated by gentle but relatively sediment-laden flow, being punctuated by several high-energy flood events. The sedimentation of light yellowish silt and sand with some anthropogenic inclusions during the use of the moat gave way to a quick siltation with the deposition of rich organic matter when the moat ceased to function as a main channel for water flow, although other land-use activities such as fire (land clearance?) continued to occur in the vicinity. The reconstructed ‘life-history’ of the moat demonstrates the increasingly acute challenge facing the growing population living at Guchengzhai as the climate was becoming drier. The construction and operation of the moat signified technological innovations and intensified water management at Guchengzhai, which led to the formation of distinctive aquatic landscape that featured large-scale hydraulic infrastructures in a hydrologically optimal environment. We contend that such was a common characteristic or trend shared by many contemporary or later-period walled sites on the Central Plains
Max-Min Fairness of Rate-Splitting Multiple Access with Finite Blocklength Communications
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a flexible and powerful
framework for wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the user
fairness of downlink multi-antenna RSMA in short-packet communications
with/without cooperative (user-relaying) transmission. We design optimal time
allocation and linear precoders that maximize the Max-Min Fairness (MMF) rate
with Finite Blocklength (FBL) constraints. The relation between the MMF rate
and blocklength of RSMA, as well as the impact of cooperative transmission are
investigated for a wide range of network loads. Numerical results demonstrate
that RSMA can achieve the same MMF rate as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
(NOMA) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) with smaller blocklengths (and
therefore lower latency), especially in cooperative transmission deployment.
Hence, we conclude that RSMA is a promising multiple access for guaranteeing
user fairness in low-latency communications.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.0619
4K-Resolution Photo Exposure Correction at 125 FPS with ~8K Parameters
The illumination of improperly exposed photographs has been widely corrected
using deep convolutional neural networks or Transformers. Despite with
promising performance, these methods usually suffer from large parameter
amounts and heavy computational FLOPs on high-resolution photographs. In this
paper, we propose extremely light-weight (with only ~8K parameters) Multi-Scale
Linear Transformation (MSLT) networks under the multi-layer perception
architecture, which can process 4K-resolution sRGB images at 125
Frame-Per-Second (FPS) by a Titan RTX GPU. Specifically, the proposed MSLT
networks first decompose an input image into high and low frequency layers by
Laplacian pyramid techniques, and then sequentially correct different layers by
pixel-adaptive linear transformation, which is implemented by efficient
bilateral grid learning or 1x1 convolutions. Experiments on two benchmark
datasets demonstrate the efficiency of our MSLTs against the state-of-the-arts
on photo exposure correction. Extensive ablation studies validate the
effectiveness of our contributions. The code is available at
https://github.com/Zhou-Yijie/MSLTNet.Comment: WACV202
CLIP Brings Better Features to Visual Aesthetics Learners
The success of pre-training approaches on a variety of downstream tasks has
revitalized the field of computer vision. Image aesthetics assessment (IAA) is
one of the ideal application scenarios for such methods due to subjective and
expensive labeling procedure. In this work, an unified and flexible two-phase
\textbf{C}LIP-based \textbf{S}emi-supervised \textbf{K}nowledge
\textbf{D}istillation paradigm is proposed, namely \textbf{\textit{CSKD}}.
Specifically, we first integrate and leverage a multi-source unlabeled dataset
to align rich features between a given visual encoder and an off-the-shelf CLIP
image encoder via feature alignment loss. Notably, the given visual encoder is
not limited by size or structure and, once well-trained, it can seamlessly
serve as a better visual aesthetic learner for both student and teacher. In the
second phase, the unlabeled data is also utilized in semi-supervised IAA
learning to further boost student model performance when applied in
latency-sensitive production scenarios. By analyzing the attention distance and
entropy before and after feature alignment, we notice an alleviation of feature
collapse issue, which in turn showcase the necessity of feature alignment
instead of training directly based on CLIP image encoder. Extensive experiments
indicate the superiority of CSKD, which achieves state-of-the-art performance
on multiple widely used IAA benchmarks
Antitumor effect of a pyrazolone-based complex [Cu(PMPP-SAL)(EtOH)] against murine melanoma B16 cell in vitro and in vivo
Pyrazolone-based derivative metal complexes were reported to have cytotoxicity in some tumor cells. In this study, the antitumor effect of [Cu(PMPP-SAL)(EtOH)] (PMPP-SAL = N-(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-propenylidene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazide anion) in murine melanoma B16 cells in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The result showed that [Cu(PMPP-SAL)(EtOH)] inhibited the survival of B16 cells in vitro, and the IC50 value was superior to cisplatin (DDP) (p < 0.001). B16 cell apoptosis was significantly higher in comparison to the control group (DMSO) (p < 0.01), and cell cycle arrest occurred at the G0/G1 phase. When challenged C57 BL/6J mice were treated with [Cu(PMPP-SAL)(EtOH)], a smaller volume of B16 solid tumors were reported than the control group (p < 0.01), with lower positive expression indices of CD 34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (p < 0.01). Moreover, the tumor growth was suppressed in mice due to the induction of apoptosis, as detected by the TUNEL assay (p < 0.001). In summary, [Cu(PMPP-SAL)(EtOH)] effectively inhibited the growth of B16 cells in vitro and in vivo due to the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of intra-tumoral angiogenesis, demonstrating its therapeutic potential in melanoma treatment
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Simultaneous Multi-User Communication and Multi-Target Sensing
In this paper, we initiate the study of rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)
for a mono-static integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the
dual-functional base station (BS) simultaneously communicates with multiple
users and detects multiple moving targets. We aim at optimizing the ISAC
waveform to jointly maximize the max-min fairness (MMF) rate of the
communication users and minimize the largest eigenvalue of the Cram\'er-Rao
bound (CRB) matrix for unbiased estimation. The CRB matrix considered in this
work is general as it involves the estimation of angular direction, complex
reflection coefficient, and Doppler frequency for multiple moving targets.
Simulation results demonstrate that RSMA maintains a larger communication and
sensing trade-off than conventional space-division multiple access (SDMA) and
it is capable of detecting multiple targets with a high detection accuracy. The
finding highlights the potential of RSMA as an effective and powerful strategy
for interference management in the general multi-user multi-target ISAC
systems
- …