Tensed Ontology Based on Simple Partial Logic

Simple partial logic (=SPL) is, broadly speaking, an extensional logic which allows for the truth-value gap. First I give a system of propositional SPL by partializing classical logic, as well as extending it with several non-classical truth-functional operators. Second I show a way based on SPL to construct a system of tensed ontology, by representing tensed statements as two kinds of necessary statements in a linear model that consists of the present and future worlds. Finally I compare that way with other two ways based on Łukasiewicz’s three-valued logic and branching temporal logic

Comorbidity profiles of psoriasis in Taiwan: A latent class analysis.

Psoriasis is associated with many comorbidities. An understanding of these comorbidity patterns can help foster better care of patients with psoriasis.To identify the heterogeneity of psoriasis comorbidities using latent class analysis (LCA).LCA was used to empirically identify psoriasis comorbidity patterns in a nationwide sample of 110,729 incident cases of psoriasis (2002-2012) from the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan.The mean age of incident psoriasis was 46.1 years. Hypertension (28.8%), dyslipidemia (18.9%), and chronic liver disease/cirrhosis/hepatitis (18.1%) were the top three comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. LCA identified four distinct comorbidity classes among these patients, including 9.9% of patients in the "multi-comorbidity" class, 17.9% in the "metabolic syndrome" class, 11.3% in the "hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)" class, and 60.9% in the "relatively healthy" class. Psoriatic arthritis was evenly distributed among each class. Relative to membership in the "relative healthy" class, an increase of one year of age had a higher probability of membership in the "multi-comorbidity" (odds ratio [OR], 1.25), "metabolic syndrome" (OR, 1.11), or "hypertension and COPD" (OR, 1.34) classes. Relative to membership in the "relative healthy" class, compared to women, men had a higher probability of membership in the "multi-comorbidity" (OR, 1.39), "metabolic syndrome" (OR, 1.77), or "hypertension and COPD" (OR, 1.22) classes.We observed four distinct classes of psoriasis comorbidities, including the "multi-comorbidity", "metabolic syndrome", "hypertension and COPD", and "relatively healthy" classes, as well as the clustering of liver diseases with metabolic syndrome and clustering of COPD with hypertension

Predictors of latent class membership.

<p>Predictors of latent class membership.</p

Model fit information for competing latent class models.

<p>Model fit information for competing latent class models.</p

Item-response probabilities for four class models of total samples: Probability of individual disease in latent class.

<p>Item-response probabilities for four class models of total samples: Probability of individual disease in latent class.</p

Baseline characteristics of incident psoriatic patients.

<p>Baseline characteristics of incident psoriatic patients.</p

Probabilities of individual disease comorbidities, by latent class.

<p>Blue line: class of multi-comorbidity, orange line: class of metabolic syndrome, grey line: class of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yellow line: class of relatively healthy.</p