8 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221139057 – Supplemental material for Removal of refractory organics from landfill leachate by in situ electrogenerated H2O2 combined with an Fe0 Fenton-like process
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221139057 for Removal of refractory organics from landfill leachate by in situ electrogenerated H2O2 combined with an Fe0 Fenton-like process by Zhiheng Li, Jie Bai, Yihui Li and Fan Wang in Waste Management & Research</p
Table1_The effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway on organ inflammatory injury and fibrosis.pdf
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction pathway is critical in innate immunity, infection, and inflammation. In response to pathogenic microbial infections and other conditions, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes abnormal DNA and initiates a downstream type I interferon response. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in different organs, including changes in fibrosis-related biomarkers, intending to systematically investigate the effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction in inflammation and fibrosis processes. The effects of stimulator of interferon genes in related auto-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are described in this article, in addition to the application of stimulator of interferon genes-related drugs in treating fibrosis.</p
Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch‑<i>g</i>‑Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers
Doxorubicin (DOX),
a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug,
can cause severe side effects in clinical use. To enhance its antitumor
efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles
with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally
synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-<i>g</i>-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. The large
empty HES-<i>g</i>-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, <i>ca.</i> 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used
to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5
h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-<i>g</i>-PLA
nanoparticles (mean size, <i>ca.</i> 130 nm) were subsequently
applied to the mice. When these partner nanocarriers were administered
in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged
plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a
largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. <i>In vivo</i> antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded
HES-<i>g</i>-PLA nanoparticles working together with their
partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison
to free DOX. In addition, these HES-<i>g</i>-PLA partner
nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the
treated mice. Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance
of DOX-loaded HES-<i>g</i>-PLA nanoparticles, the newly
developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration
mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy
Nanocolloidosomes with Selective Drug Release for Active Tumor-Targeted Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Chemo Combination Therapy
Selective drug release
is highly desirable for photothermal/chemo combination therapy when
two or even more theranostic agents are encapsulated together within
the same nanocarrier. A conventional nanocarrier can hardly achieve
this goal. Herein, doxorubicin and indocyanine green (DOX/ICG)-loaded
nanocolloidosomes (NCs), with selective drug release, were fabricated
as a novel multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform for photothermal/chemo
combination therapy. Templating from galactose-functionalized hydroxyethyl
starch-polycaprolactone (Gal-HES-PCL) nanoparticles-stabilized Pickering
emulsions, the resultant DOX/ICG@Gal-HES-PCL NCs had a diameter of
around 140 nm and showed an outstanding tumor-targeting ability, preferable
tumor penetration capability, and promotion of photothermal effect.
Moreover, these NCs can be used for NIR fluorescence imaging and thus
render real-time imaging of solid tumors with high contrast. Collectively,
such NCs achieved the best in vivo antitumor efficacy combined with
laser irradiation compared with DOX/ICG@HES-PCL NCs and DOX/ICG mixture.
These NCs are valuable for active tumor-targeted imaging-guided combination
therapy against liver cancer and potentially other diseases
Redox-Sensitive Hydroxyethyl Starch–Doxorubicin Conjugate for Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery
Doxorubicin (DOX)
is one of the most potent anticancer agents in cancer chemotherapy,
but the clinical use of DOX is restricted by its severe side effects
caused by nonspecific delivery. To alleviate the side effects and
improve the antitumor efficacy of DOX, a novel redox-sensitive hydroxyethyl
starch–doxorubicin conjugate, HES-SS-DOX, with diameter of
19.9 ± 0.4 nm was successfully prepared for tumor targeted drug
delivery and GSH-mediated intracellular drug release. HES-SS-DOX was
relatively stable under extracellular GSH level (∼2 μM)
but released DOX quickly under intracellular GSH level (2–10
mM). In vitro cell study confirmed the GSH-mediated cytotoxicity of
HES-SS-DOX. HES-SS-DOX exhibited prolonged plasma half-life time and
enhanced tumor accumulation in comparison to free DOX. As a consequence,
HES-SS-DOX exhibited better antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity
as compared to free DOX in the in vivo antitumor activity study. The
redox-sensitive HES-SS-DOX was proved to be a promising prodrug of
DOX, with clinical potentials, to achieve tumor targeted drug delivery
and timely intracellular drug release for effective and safe cancer
chemotherapy
Distribution of LA mean strain of AF with different stroke risk score.
<p>Low (CHADS<sub>2</sub>/CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score of 0), moderate (CHADS<sub>2</sub> /CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score of 1), and high (CHADS<sub>2</sub>/CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score of ≥2) risk; The central box represents the values from the lower to upper quartile (25th to 75th percentile). The middle line represents the median. The whiskers extend from the minimum to the maximum value.</p
Examples of strain wave of curves of different colors representing the strain of different segments of atrial walls.
<p>Imagine A (from 4-chamber view) and B (from 2-chamber view) show the strain wave from a paroxysmal AF subjects. </p
α‑Amylase- and Redox-Responsive Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery
Paclitaxel (PTX)
is an effective antineoplastic agent and shows potent antitumor activity
against a wide spectrum of cancers. Yet, the wide clinical use of
PTX is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and the side effects
associated with its current therapeutic formulation. To tackle these
obstacles, we report, for the first time, α-amylase- and redox-responsive
nanoparticles based on hydroxyethyl starch (HES) for the tumor-targeted
delivery of PTX. PTX is conjugated onto HES by a redox-sensitive disulfide
bond to form HES–SS-PTX, which was confirmed by results from
NMR, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The HES–SS-PTX conjugates
assemble into stable and monodispersed nanoparticles (NPs), as characterized
with Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and
atomic force microscopy. In blood, α-amylase will degrade the
HES shell and thus decrease the size of the HES–SS-PTX NPs,
facilitating NP extravasation and penetration into the tumor. A pharmacokinetic
study demonstrated that the HES–SS-PTX NPs have a longer half-life
than that of the commercial PTX formulation (Taxol). As a consequence,
HES–SS-PTX NPs accumulate more in the tumor compared with the
extent of Taxol, as shown in an in vivo imaging study. Under reductive
conditions, the HES–SS-PTX NPs could disassemble quickly as
evidenced by their triggered collapse, burst drug release, and enhanced
cytotoxicity against 4T1 tumor cells in the presence of a reducing
agent. Collectively, the HES–SS-PTX NPs show improved in vivo
antitumor efficacy (63.6 vs 52.4%) and reduced toxicity in 4T1 tumor-bearing
mice compared with those of Taxol. These results highlight the advantages
of HES-based α-amylase- and redox-responsive NPs, showing their
great clinical translation potential for cancer chemotherapy