Distribution of anterior chamber depth in the training dataset.

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Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm validation.

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm validation.</p

Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants included in this study.

Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants included in this study.</p

Saliency maps of predicted ACD values that were outside of the limit-of-agreement in Bland-Altman plot in algorithm validation.

Footnote: Saliency maps presented above were generated by averaging all saliency maps of 23 observations that were outside the Limits-of-Agreement in Bland-Altman plot (test dataset). There were 4 observations with actual ACD measurements 3mm. (TIF)</p

Schematic diagram of neural network architecture.

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Current literature on the performance of anterior chamber depth (ACD) in discriminating eyes with angle closure from open angles.

* ACD measurement includes central corneal thickness. † Narrow angle diagnosed in eyes with 1) 1 ‘closed’ quadrant (i.e., trabecular meshwork not observed even with indentation gonioscopy) and ≥1 ‘narrow’ quadrants (i.e., trabecular meshwork only observed with indentation gonioscopy) or 2) ≥2 ‘narrow’ quadrants. ‡ Angle closure diagnosed in eyes where the posterior trabecular meshwork (PTM) was not observed in ≥3 quadrants with gonioscopy. § Angle closure diagnosed in eyes where the posterior trabecular meshwork (PTM) was not observed in ≥2 quadrants with gonioscopy. Acronym: ACD, Anterior Chamber Depth; AUC, Area-under-the-curve; PPV, Positive Predictive Value; NPV, Negative Predictive Value; UBM, Ultrasound biomicroscopy (DOCX)</p

Correlation between actual anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements and deep learning predicted ACD values in algorithm validation.

Correlation between actual anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements and deep learning predicted ACD values in algorithm validation.</p

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm testing.

(TIF)</p

Correlation between actual anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements and predicted ACD values in algorithm testing.

(TIF)</p

Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants in SEED and the ISF study.

*Angle closure was diagnosed in cases where ≥180° posterior trabecular meshwork was not observed with gonioscopy. Acronym: SEED, Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study; SiMES, Singapore Malay Eye Study; SCES, Singapore Chinese Eye Study; SINDI, Singapore Indian Eye Study; ISF, Iris Surface Features study (DOCX)</p