2,019 research outputs found
Monodromy of Picard-Fuchs differential equations for Calabi-Yau threefolds
In this paper we are concerned with the monodromy of Picard-Fuch differential
equations associated with one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Our
results show that in the hypergeometric cases the matrix representations of
monodromy relative to the Frobenius bases can be expressed in terms of the
geometric invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau threefolds. This phenomenon
is also verified numerically for other families of Calabi-Yau threefolds in the
paper. Furthermore, we discover that under a suitable change of bases the
monodromy groups are contained in certain congruence subgroups of Sp(4,Z) of
finite index whose levels are related to the geometric invariants of the
Calabi-Yau threefoldsComment: 32 pages References adde
Effects of After-School Programs on Student Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Abilities: A Meta-Analysis Based on 37 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies
The after-school program is a crucial initiative for implementing the Double Reduction policy; however, prior research has not provided conclusive evidence on whether extended school hours contribute to students’ cognitive and non-cognitive development or on which types of after-school services are more beneficial for student development. This study analyzed 37 after-school programs from 18 publications using meta-analytic techniques, and the results indicated that participation in after-school programs had positive effects on student cognitive and non-cognitive development despite the small effect size (d = 0.327, p = 0.000). The decomposition of the effects of after-school programs revealed that they had modestly positive effects on academic achievement (d = 0.369) and social-emotional competence (d = 0.220). In addition, the analysis of moderating variables revealed that socioeconomic status, educational phase, number of after-school service days per week, sample size, and testing instrument all influenced the after-school program effects. This study concludes, based on the results of the meta-analysis, that there should be a balanced consideration of the development of student cognitive and non-cognitive abilities in planning after-school service, a substantial variety of activities in after-school programs, a flexible adoption of diverse after-school programs, and a reasonable participation frequency in after-school service
2022-1 The Role of Non-Pecuniary Considerations: Location Decisions of College Graduates from Low Income Backgrounds
We examine the initial post-college geographic location decisions of students from hometowns in the Appalachian region that often lack substantial high-skilled job opportunities, focusing on the role of non-pecuniary considerations. Novel survey questions allow us to measure the full non-pecuniary benfits of each relevant geographic location, in dollar equivalents. A new specification test is designed and implemented to provide evidence about the quality of these non-pecuniary measures. Supplementing perceived location choice probabilities and expectations about pecuniary factors with our new non-pecuniary measures allows a new approach for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the importance of pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors for location decisions. We compare this approach to alternative expectations-based approaches. We also combine the non-pecuniary measures with realized location and earnings outcomes to characterize inequality in overall welfare
Regression-based heterogeneity analysis to identify overlapping subgroup structure in high-dimensional data
Heterogeneity is a hallmark of complex diseases. Regression-based
heterogeneity analysis, which is directly concerned with outcome-feature
relationships, has led to a deeper understanding of disease biology. Such an
analysis identifies the underlying subgroup structure and estimates the
subgroup-specific regression coefficients. However, most of the existing
regression-based heterogeneity analyses can only address disjoint subgroups;
that is, each sample is assigned to only one subgroup. In reality, some samples
have multiple labels, for example, many genes have several biological
functions, and some cells of pure cell types transition into other types over
time, which suggest that their outcome-feature relationships (regression
coefficients) can be a mixture of relationships in more than one subgroups, and
as a result, the disjoint subgrouping results can be unsatisfactory. To this
end, we develop a novel approach to regression-based heterogeneity analysis,
which takes into account possible overlaps between subgroups and high data
dimensions. A subgroup membership vector is introduced for each sample, which
is combined with a loss function. Considering the lack of information arising
from small sample sizes, an norm penalty is developed for each membership
vector to encourage similarity in its elements. A sparse penalization is also
applied for regularized estimation and feature selection. Extensive simulations
demonstrate its superiority over direct competitors. The analysis of Cancer
Cell Line Encyclopedia data and lung cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas
shows that the proposed approach can identify an overlapping subgroup structure
with favorable performance in prediction and stability.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figure
Impact of Pet Companionship on Student Development: A Meta-Analysis
Animal companionship has been found to have a positive influence on human well-being, and the presence of pets can have a subtle yet significant impact on the healthy development of students. Pet companionship takes various forms across different fields in China and other regions worldwide, and the impact of such companionship remains uncertain. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the impact of diverse forms of companionship and animals on multiple facets of student growth and development. This study employed meta-analysis methodologies to examine 47 effect sizes derived from 12 domestic and international studies on pet companionship. The aim was to investigate the overall trends of the influence of pet companionship on student development as well as the effects of diverse types of companionship and pets on different aspects of student development, including physical and mental health, social-emotional abilities, and academic performance. The objective was to enhance the exploration of approaches for maximizing the utilization of various forms of pet companionship. Furthermore, this research suggests a systematic and incremental approach to enhancing the function of pets within households, educational institutions, and medical facilities. Adequate content and organization are essential for scientific advancement and the development of students. In this particular context, it is possible to optimize the impact of pet companionship on the development of students
Monodromy of Picard-Fuchs differential equations for Calabi-Yau threefolds
In this paper we are concerned with the monodromy of Picard-Fuchs differential equations associated with one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Our results show that in the hypergeometric cases the matrix representations of monodromy relative to the Frobenius bases can be expressed in terms of the geometric invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau threefolds. This phenomenon is also verified numerically for other families of Calabi-Yau threefolds in the paper. Furthermore, we discover that under a suitable change of bases the monodromy groups are contained in certain congruence subgroups of Sp(4, ℤ) of finite index and whose levels are related to the geometric invariants of the Calabi-Yau threefolds. © Walter de Gruyter
Contextual Stochastic Bilevel Optimization
We introduce contextual stochastic bilevel optimization (CSBO) -- a
stochastic bilevel optimization framework with the lower-level problem
minimizing an expectation conditioned on some contextual information and the
upper-level decision variable. This framework extends classical stochastic
bilevel optimization when the lower-level decision maker responds optimally not
only to the decision of the upper-level decision maker but also to some side
information and when there are multiple or even infinite many followers. It
captures important applications such as meta-learning, personalized federated
learning, end-to-end learning, and Wasserstein distributionally robust
optimization with side information (WDRO-SI). Due to the presence of contextual
information, existing single-loop methods for classical stochastic bilevel
optimization are unable to converge. To overcome this challenge, we introduce
an efficient double-loop gradient method based on the Multilevel Monte-Carlo
(MLMC) technique and establish its sample and computational complexities. When
specialized to stochastic nonconvex optimization, our method matches existing
lower bounds. For meta-learning, the complexity of our method does not depend
on the number of tasks. Numerical experiments further validate our theoretical
results.Comment: The paper is accepted by NeurIPS 202
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