Is volume index of gdp per capita stationary in oecd countries? panel stationary tests with structural breaks

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether volume index of GDP per capita is stationary for 24 OECD countries during the period 1970 to 2006. We utilize a panel stationary tests that allow for multiple structural breaks, developed by Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005). The empirical findings are threefold: (1) when we employ univariate unit tests, such as ADF and KPSS without structural breaks, we hardly find evidence of I(0) stationarity, except for Switzerland (2) when we employ KPSS stationarity test with multiple structural breaks, we find evidence of I(0) stationarity for 22 out of 24 countries and (3) when we employ KPSS panel I(0) stationarity test with multiple structural breaks and the assumption of cross-section dependence, we find significant evidence of panel I(0) stationarity of per capita GDP for these OECD countries. The findings of this paper have implications for policymaking and econometric modeling for these 24 OECD countries.Volume Index of GDP per Capita Panel Stationary Tests with Structural Breaks OECD Countries

Identified Hadrons and Jet Chemistry for p+p and Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

The study of hadron spectra at high $p_{T}$ in p+p collisions provides a good test of perturbative quantum chromo-dynamic calculations (pQCD) and baseline for measurements of nuclear modification factors in Au+Au collisions. Using events triggered by the Barrel Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter, identified charged hadron transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra are measured up to 15 GeV/$c$ at mid-rapidity ($\mid y\mid$ $<$ 0.5) and neutral kaon $p_T$ spectra up to 12 GeV/$c$ in p + p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The particle ratios of $p/\pi^{+}$, $\bar{p}/\pi^{-}$ and $K^{\pm,0}$ / $\pi^{\pm}$ in p + p collisions are shown and compared with next-to-leading order pQCD calculations. In central Au+Au collisions, we report nuclear modification factors ($R_{AA}$) for pion, kaon, proton and $\rho$ and discuss several model calculations: color-charge dependence of jet quenching and jet conversion. Finally, centrality dependence of $R_{AA}$ at high $p_T$ ($>$ 5.5 GeV/c) for kaon are compared with that of pion in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, SQM 2009 contributio

Particle Swarm Algorithm to Optimize LSTM Short-Term Load Forecasting

Accurate load forecasting is of great significance for national and grid planning and management. In order to improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting, an LSTM prediction model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm is proposed. LSTM has the characteristics of avoiding gradient disappearance and gradient explosion, but there is a problem that parameters are difficult to select. Therefore, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to help it select parameters. The experimental results show that the optimized LSTM has higher prediction accuracy

Online Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc in Nature Waters

A simple, sensitive, reliable and flexible flow injection spectrophotometric method is proposed for on-line preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of zinc in water. At the presence of Tween-80 in pH 9.3 buffer solutions, the shade of color of Zn (II)-PAN complex is in a linear relation to the zinc amount at the point of the maximum absorption peak of 560 nm. The optimal experimental conditions, including reaction conditions and preconcentration conditions, had been obtained. The linear range of the proposed method was between 2.0 and 360 μg L−1 and the detection limit was 0.42 μg L−1. The relative standard deviation was 3.55% and 2.14% for 5.0 μg L−1 and 50 μg L−1 of zinc standard solution (n = 8). The method had been successfully applied to zinc determination in water samples and the analytical results were satisfactory

The association between FGF21 and diabetic erectile dysfunction: Evidence from clinical and animal studies

Erectile dysfunction (ED), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affects 50–75% of men with diabetes. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver-derived metabolic regulator which plays a role in insulin-independent glucose uptake in adipocytes. We designed a clinical study and an animal experiment to investigate the relationship between FGF21 and DM-induced ED. The clinical study enrolled 93 participants aged \u3e 18 years (61 patients with type 2 DM and 32 healthy controls) from Taian City Central Hospital (TCCH) in Shandong Province, China, amongst whom the association between serum FGF21 and diabetic ED was analyzed. To further validate this association, we developed animal model of diabetic ED using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Serum FGF21 concentration and FGF21 mRNA expression in penile samples of the rats were determined with Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Among the 93 participants, the level of serum FGF21 was negatively correlated with the IIEF-5 score (r = -0.74, P \u3c 0.001). The analysis on the performance of FGF21 for ED diagnosis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.875 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.803 to 0.946). In the animal experiment, the levels of serum FGF21, 2-Δ Δ Ct values of FGF21 mRNA expression, and relative levels of FGF21 in penile samples were higher in the ED group compared to the DM and control groups. Our findings demonstrated an association between the FGF21 level and diabetic ED, indicating the potential of this cytokine in predicting diabetic ED