Additional file 1 of Protective effects of calcyclin-binding protein against pulmonary vascular remodeling in flow-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension

Additional file 1: Table S1. Antibodies information for immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescent (IF) and western blot

Near-Infrared Optical Transducer for Dynamic Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose in Brain Tumor

Aberrant cerebral glucose metabolism is related to many brain diseases, especially brain tumor. However, it remains challenging to measure the dynamic changes in cerebral glucose. Here, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) optical transducer to sensitively monitor the glucose variations in cerebrospinal fluid in vivo. The transducer consists of an oxygen-sensitive nanoparticle combined with glucose oxidase (GOx), yielding highly sensitive NIR phosphorescence in response to blood glucose change. We demonstrated long-term continuous glucose monitoring by using the NIR transducer. After subcutaneous implantation, the glucose transducer provides a strong luminescence signal that can continuously monitor blood glucose fluctuations for weeks. By using the NIR emission of the transducer, we further observed abnormal dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid glucose and quantitatively assessed cerebral glucose uptake rates in transgenic mice bearing brain tumors. This study provides a promising method for the diagnosis of various metabolic diseases with altered glucose metabolism

Recovery of phosphorus from wastewater: A review based on current phosphorous removal technologies

Phosphorus (P) as an essential nutrient for life sustains the productivity of food systems; yet misdirected P often accumulates in wastewater and triggers water eutrophication if not properly treated. Although technologies have been developed to remove P, little attention has been paid to the recovery of P from wastewater. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art P removal technologies in the science of wastewater treatment. Our analyses focus on the mechanisms, removal efficiencies, and recovery potential of four typical water and wastewater treatment processes including precipitation, biological treatment, membrane separation, and adsorption. The design principles, feasibility, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies are analyzed and compared. Perspectives and future research of P removal and recovery are also proposed in the context of paradigm shift to sustainable water treatment technology. P removal efficiencies and P recovery potential of four typical wastewater treatment processes are critically reviewed. Feasibility, transfer routes, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies in P recovery are analyzed and compared P can be recovered from wastewater into value-added fertilizers or soil amendment. Perspectives and future research directions of P removal and recovery are outlined.</p

Near-Infrared II Semiconducting Polymer Dots: Chain Packing Modulation and High-Contrast Vascular Imaging in Deep Tissues

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has attracted considerable interest in investigations of vascular structure and angiogenesis, providing valuable information for the precise diagnosis of early stage diseases. However, it remains challenging to image small blood vessels in deep tissues because of the strong photon scattering and low fluorescence brightness of the fluorophores. Here, we describe our combined efforts in both fluorescent probe design and image algorithm development for high-contrast vascular imaging in deep turbid tissues such as mouse and rat brains with intact skull. First, we use a polymer blending strategy to modulate the chain packing behavior of the large, rigid, NIR-II semiconducting polymers to produce compact and bright polymer dots (Pdots), a prerequisite for in vivo fluorescence imaging of small blood vessels. We further developed a robust Hessian matrix method to enhance the image contrast of vascular structures, particularly the small and weakly fluorescent vessels. The enhanced vascular images obtained in whole-body mouse imaging exhibit more than an order of magnitude improvement in the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) as compared to the original images. Taking advantage of the bright Pdots and Hessian matrix method, we finally performed through-skull NIR-II fluorescence imaging and obtained a high-contrast cerebral vasculature in both mouse and rat models bearing brain tumors. This study in Pdot probe development and imaging algorithm enhancement provides a promising approach for NIR-II fluorescence vascular imaging of deep turbid tissues

Site-Specific Modification of Single Domain Antibodies by Enzyme-Immobilized Magnetic Beads

Nanobodies as imaging agents and drug conjugates have shown great potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. However, site-specific modification of a nanobody with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) encounters problems in protein separation and purification. Here, we describe a facile yet reliable strategy of immobilizing mTGase onto magnetic beads for site-specific nanobody modification. The mTGase immobilized on magnetic beads (MB-mTGase) exhibits catalytic activity nearly equivalent to that of the free mTGase, with good reusability and universality. Magnetic separation simplifies the protein purification step and reduces the loss of nanobody bioconjugates more effectively than size exclusion chromatography. Using MB-mTGase, we demonstrate site-specific conjugation of nanobodies with fluorescent dyes and polyethylene glycol molecules, enabling targeted immunofluorescence imaging and improved circulation dynamics and tumor accumulation in vivo. The combined advantages of MB-mTGase method, including high conjugation efficiency, quick purification, less protein loss, and recycling use, are promising for site-specific nanobody functionalization and biomedical applications

sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231224692 – Supplemental material for The significance of dynamic monitoring plasma TMAO level in pulmonary arterial hypertension – a cohort study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231224692 for The significance of dynamic monitoring plasma TMAO level in pulmonary arterial hypertension – a cohort study by Yicheng Yang, Xin Li, Peizhi Wang, Songren Shu, Bingyang Liu, Yanru Liang, Beilan Yang, Zhihui Zhao, Qin Luo, Zhihong Liu, Lemin Zheng, Qixian Zeng and Changming Xiong in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential from Vehicular Non-tailpipe Emissions under Real-World Driving Conditions

Traffic emissions are a dominant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban environments. Though tailpipe exhaust has drawn extensive attention, the impact of non-tailpipe emissions on atmospheric SOA has not been well studied. Here, a closure study was performed combining urban tunnel experiments and dynamometer tests using an oxidation flow reactor in situ photo-oxidation. Results show a significant gap between field and laboratory research; the average SOA formation potential from real-world fleet is 639 ± 156 mg kg fuel–1, higher than the reconstructed result (188 mg kg fuel–1) based on dynamometer tests coupled with fleet composition inside the tunnel. Considering the minimal variation of SOA/CO in emission standards, we also reconstruct CO and find the critical role of high-emitting events in the real-world SOA burden. Different profiles of organic gases are detected inside the tunnel than tailpipe exhaust, such as more abundant C6–C9 aromatics, C11–C16 species, and benzothiazoles, denoting contributions from non-tailpipe emissions to SOA formation. Using these surrogate chemical compounds, we roughly estimate that high-emitting, evaporative emission, and asphalt-related and tire sublimation share 14, 20, and 10% of the SOA budget, respectively, partially explaining the gap between field and laboratory research. These experimental results highlight the importance of non-tailpipe emissions to atmospheric SOA

Additional file 1 of Single-cell RNA sequencing in donor and end-stage heart failure patients identifies NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinical information of ARVC patients based on Task Force Criteria in 2010. Table S2. Clinical characteristics of enrolled ARVC patients and normal controls. Table S3. Counts of different biotypes. Table S4. Cell types assignment by using SingleR and manual annotation. Table S5. Current list of GWAS cardiac arrhythmia genes. Table S6. The summary of major non-cardiomyocytes subpopulations in ARVC and normal human hearts