Understanding the Cancelation of Double Poles in the Pfaffian of CHY-formulism

For a physical field theory, the tree-level amplitudes should possess only single poles. However, when computing amplitudes with Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formulation, individual terms in the intermediate steps will contribute higher-order poles. In this paper, we investigate the cancelation of higher-order poles in CHY formula with Pfaffian as the building block. We develop a diagrammatic rule for expanding the reduced Pfaffian. Then by organizing diagrams in appropriate groups and applying the cross-ratio identities, we show that all potential contributions to higher-order poles in the reduced Pfaffian are canceled out, i.e., only single poles survive in Yang-Mills theory and gravity. Furthermore, we show the cancelations of higher-order poles in other field theories by introducing appropriate truncations, based on the single pole structure of Pfaffian.Comment: 30 pages,6 figures,1 table, footnote adde

Expansion of Einstein-Yang-Mills Amplitude

In this paper, we provide a thorough study on the expansion of single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes into linear combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes, from various different perspectives. Using the gauge invariance principle, we propose a recursive construction, where EYM amplitude with any number of gravitons could be expanded into EYM amplitudes with less number of gravitons. Through this construction, we can write down the complete expansion of EYM amplitude in the basis of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes. As a byproduct, we are able to write down the polynomial form of BCJ numerator, i.e., numerators satisfying the color-kinematic duality, for Yang-Mills amplitude. After the discussion of gauge invariance, we move to the BCFW on-shell recursion relation and discuss how the expansion can be understood from the on-shell picture. Finally, we show how to interpret the expansion from the aspect of KLT relation and the way of evaluating the expansion coefficients efficiently.Comment: 50 pages, 1 figure, Revised versio

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates cisplatininduced apoptosis in ovary granulosa cells via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on apoptosis of ovary granulose cells (GCs), as well as its underlying mechanism.Methods: GCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and divided into three groups: control group, model group (DDP) and LBP group. Cell morphology was observed by H & E staining under optical microscope. Expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while cell viability was assayed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-3, Bax protein and B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) were assayed by Western blot and qRT-PCR.Results: Apoptosis index (37.6 ± 2.44 %) was significantly higher (p > 0.05) in DDP group than in the control group (14.3 ± 1.09 %), while mRNA levels and expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax increased significantly (p > 0.05). Expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in the DDP group were also higher than in the control group (p > 0.05). However, these effects were effectively blocked by co-incubation with LBP. Moreover, the DDP-induced increase in apoptosis index was dose-dependently and significantly lowered by LBP (p > 0.05).Conclusion: LBP exerts protective effect on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovary granulosa cells by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulating levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, LBP has the potential for alleviating adverse effects induced by cisplatin in the treatment of ovary granulosa lesions.Keywords: Cis-platin, Ovary granulosa lesions, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Endoplasmic reticulum stress, Apoptosi

Erratum for “Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovary granulosa cells via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress”

Jin et al Trop J Pharm Res 2017, 16(4): 827-835 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i4.12The information under Acknowledgement section should be “None”. Abstract line11: “Bcl-2 and Bax“ should be changed to “Bcl-2/Bax” Abstract: “p>0.05” should be changed to “p<0.05” wherever it occurred.Citation: Huang LQ, Zhang ZY, Zheng B, He Y. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates cisplatininduced apoptosis in ovary granulosa cells via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(4):827-835 Erratum: 2017; 16(9):2053 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i9.

Impact of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on apoptosis in Mycoplasma-infected splenic lymphocytes

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on apoptosis in Mycoplasma-infected splenic lymphocytes (SLs), and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: SLs isolated from C57BL/6J mice were infected with Mycoplasma. The infected SLs were administered at different concentrations of LBP for 4 h, and the proportions of apoptotic cells and levels of relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The expressions of proapoptotic genes and endogenous antioxidant enzymes were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results: LBP treatment produced dose-dependent reductions in apoptotic ratio and intracellular ROS levels of SLs (p < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes were decreased by LBP treatment with respect to mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated that the expression levels of mRNA and proteins in Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were up-regulated by Mycoplasma infection (p < 0.01), and further increased by LBP treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusion: LBP exerts a hyperactive antioxidant response encoded by Nrf2 to protect SLs from apoptosis induced by ROS-related oxidative damage after Mycoplasma infection. These results suggest that LBP may serve as a beneficial and dietary anti-Mycoplasma and anti-apoptotic agent.Keywords: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Splenic lymphocytes, ROS, Caspase-3, Bax, Nrf

Task modules Partitioning, Scheduling and Floorplanning for Partially Dynamically Reconfigurable Systems Based on Modern Heterogeneous FPGAs

Modern field programmable gate array(FPGA) can be partially dynamically reconfigurable with heterogeneous resources distributed on the chip. And FPGA-based partially dynamically reconfigurable system(FPGA-PDRS) can be used to accelerate computing and improve computing flexibility. However, the traditional design of FPGA-PDRS is based on manual design. Implementing the automation of FPGA-PDRS needs to solve the problems of task modules partitioning, scheduling, and floorplanning on heterogeneous resources. Existing works only partly solve problems for the automation process of FPGA-PDRS or model homogeneous resource for FPGA-PDRS. To better solve the problems in the automation process of FPGA-PDRS and narrow the gap between algorithm and application, in this paper, we propose a complete workflow including three parts, pre-processing to generate the list of task modules candidate shapes according to the resources requirements, exploration process to search the solution of task modules partitioning, scheduling, and floorplanning, and post-optimization to improve the success rate of floorplan. Experimental results show that, compared with state-of-the-art work, the proposed complete workflow can improve performance by 18.7\%, reduce communication cost by 8.6\%, on average, with improving the resources reuse rate of the heterogeneous resources on the chip. And based on the solution generated by the exploration process, the post-optimization can improve the success rate of the floorplan by 14\%