23,163 research outputs found
Systemic similarity analysis of compatibility drug-induced multiple pathway patterns _in vivo_
A major challenge in post-genomic research is to understand how physiological and pathological phenotypes arise from the networks of expressed genes and to develop powerful tools for translating the information exchanged between gene and the organ system networks. Although different expression modules may contribute independently to different phenotypes, it is difficult to interpret microarray experimental results at the level of single gene associations. The global effects and response pathways of small molecules in cells have been investigated, but the quantitative details of the activation mechanisms of multiple pathways _in vivo_ are not well understood. Similar response networks indicate similar modes of action, and gene networks may appear to be similar despite differences in the behaviour of individual gene groups. Here we establish the method for assessing global effect spectra of the complex signaling forms using Global Similarity Index (GSI) in cosines vector included angle. Our approach provides quantitative multidimensional measures of genes expression profile based on drug-dependent phenotypic alteration _in vivo_. These results make a starting point for identifying relationships between GSI at the molecular level and a step toward phenotypic outcomes at a system level to predict action of unknown compounds and any combination therapy
Features and stability analysis of non-Schwarzschild black hole in quadratic gravity
Black holes are found to exist in gravitational theories with the presence of
quadratic curvature terms and behave differently from the Schwarzschild
solution. We present an exhaustive analysis for determining the quasinormal
modes of a test scalar field propagating in a new class of black hole
backgrounds in the case of pure Einstein-Weyl gravity. Our result shows that
the field decay of quasinormal modes in such a non-Schwarzschild black hole
behaves similarly to the Schwarzschild one, but the decay slope becomes much
smoother due to the appearance of the Weyl tensor square in the background
theory. We also analyze the frequencies of the quasinormal modes in order to
characterize the properties of new back holes, and thus, if these modes can be
the source of gravitational waves, the underlying theories may be testable in
future gravitational wave experiments. We briefly comment on the issue of
quantum (in)stability in this theory at linear order.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, several references added, version
published on JHE
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